21ST CENTURY ASTR.:SOLAR..(LL)-PACKAGE
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780393448498
Author: Kay
Publisher: NORTON
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Chapter 14, Problem 4QP
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The capture of too few solar neutrinos by Davis in the solar neutrino experiment
a.
can be explained if the sun is not undergoing thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen in its core.
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indicates that the sun’s core is much cooler than expected.
c.
indicates that the sun’s core is much hotter than expected.
d.
indicates that the sun’s core is convective.
e.
is explained by none of the above.
1. The Sun’s mass is ~2x1030 kg. If 10% of this is Hydrogen available in the core, how long will the Sun be able to continue fusing hydrogen at this rate? This is considered the Sun's "lifetime". If the Sun is 4.6 billion years old (and assuming it's power output is constant), how many years does it have left?
10
Chapter 14 Solutions
21ST CENTURY ASTR.:SOLAR..(LL)-PACKAGE
Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 14.1ACYUCh. 14.1 - Prob. 14.1BCYUCh. 14.2 - Prob. 14.2CYUCh. 14.3 - Prob. 14.3CYUCh. 14.4 - Prob. 14.4CYUCh. 14 - Prob. 1QPCh. 14 - Prob. 2QPCh. 14 - Prob. 3QPCh. 14 - Prob. 4QPCh. 14 - Prob. 5QP
Ch. 14 - Prob. 6QPCh. 14 - Prob. 7QPCh. 14 - Prob. 8QPCh. 14 - Prob. 9QPCh. 14 - Prob. 10QPCh. 14 - Prob. 11QPCh. 14 - Prob. 12QPCh. 14 - Prob. 13QPCh. 14 - Prob. 14QPCh. 14 - Prob. 15QPCh. 14 - Prob. 16QPCh. 14 - Prob. 17QPCh. 14 - Prob. 18QPCh. 14 - Prob. 19QPCh. 14 - Prob. 20QPCh. 14 - Prob. 21QPCh. 14 - Prob. 22QPCh. 14 - Prob. 23QPCh. 14 - Prob. 24QPCh. 14 - Prob. 25QPCh. 14 - Prob. 26QPCh. 14 - Prob. 27QPCh. 14 - Prob. 28QPCh. 14 - Prob. 29QPCh. 14 - Prob. 30QPCh. 14 - Prob. 31QPCh. 14 - Prob. 34QPCh. 14 - Prob. 35QPCh. 14 - Prob. 36QPCh. 14 - Prob. 37QPCh. 14 - Prob. 38QPCh. 14 - Prob. 39QPCh. 14 - Prob. 40QPCh. 14 - Prob. 41QPCh. 14 - Prob. 42QPCh. 14 - Prob. 43QPCh. 14 - Prob. 44QPCh. 14 - Prob. 45QP
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- 1. The mass of the Sun is about 2x10³0 kg. The Sun was about 72% hydrogen when it first formed. About 11% of the total amount of the Sun's hydrogen is available for fusion within the Sun's core. [3 points] (a) What is the total mass of hydrogen available for fusion, in kg? (b) The Sun fuses about 600 billion kg of hydrogen each second. Calculate how long the Sun's initial supply of hydrogen can last. Give your answer in both seconds and years. Hint: use the result you calculated in part (a). (c) We know that our Solar System is about 4.5 billion years old. Using your calculation above, how much longer do we have until the Sun runs out of hydrogen?arrow_forwardStep-by-step, explain how energy flows from the center of the Sun to Earth.arrow_forwardDescribe the two main ways that energy travels through the Sun.arrow_forward
- Why does helium fusion require a higher temperature than hydrogen fusion?arrow_forwardIt what layer of the sun does fusion occur? a. core b. radiative zone c. corona d. convective zonearrow_forward1 Describe the interieo of the sun. Label and list all the layers. Explain how sun produce energy.arrow_forward
- Why do the magnetic fields lines of the sun get warped? a. effects of the solar wind b. surface of the sun is cooler near the poles c. uneven fusion rates in the core d. equator rotates more rapidly than the polesarrow_forward2. Assume that the entire luminosity of the Sun is due to the PP chain reaction. The complete PP chain reaction converts 4 hydrogen nuclei into 1 helium nucleus, according to the following reaction: 4 H - He + 2e* + 2v. a. Estimate the amount of energy released by one complete reaction. b. Estimate how many of these reactions occur per second in the Sun, and how many neutrinos the Sun produces each second. c. Estimate the flux of neutrinos (in v's s' cm?) passing through the Earth.arrow_forwardThe sunspot cycle affects I. the latitude at which sunspots are visible at a given time. II. the number of sunspots that are visible at a given time. III. the rotation rate of the sun’s equator at a given time. IV. the magnetic polarity of the sunspots at a given time. a. I & II b. I & IV c. II & III d. I, II & III e. I, II, & IVarrow_forward
- Why are measurements of the Sun's 10.7 cm radio emission used to monitor the state of the solar cycle? Choose all correct answers. A. It provides a repeatable, objective measurement of solar activity B. It serves as a good proxy for EUV emissions C. It is measured from space, so it is not affected by clouds D. It can be used to predict the occurrence of coronal mass ejectionsarrow_forwardFor several hundred years, astronomers have kept track of the number of solar flares, or sunspots which occur on the surface of the sun. The number of sunspots counted varies periodically from a minimum of about 10 per year to a maximum of about 110 per year. Between the maximum that occurred in the years 1750 and 1948, there were 18 completed cycles. A.) What is the period of the sunspot cycle? B.) Assume that the number of sunspots varies sinusoidally with the year. Sketch a graph of two sun spot cycles, starting in 1948. C.) Write an equation expressing the number of sunspots per year in terms of the year. D.) what is the first year after 2000 in which the number of sunspots will be about 35? A maximum?arrow_forwardWhat types of changes effect the Sun's energy output? Cycle 24 Sunspot Number (V2.0) Prediction (2016 10) 300 200 100 Cycle Cycle Cycle 22 23 24 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Hathaway NASA/ARC O A. 11 year solar sunspot cycles change the amount of radiation given off by the Sun. O B. As the Sun rotates more energy is scattered to space and less is retained on the surface. O C. Cycles of solar flares and prominences heat and cool the layers below the Sun's surface. O D. Solar energy is affected by the core output of photons.arrow_forward
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