21ST CENTURY ASTR.:SOLAR..(LL)-PACKAGE
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780393448498
Author: Kay
Publisher: NORTON
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Question
Chapter 14, Problem 5QP
To determine
The requirement for conversion of hydrogen to helium in proton-proton chain.
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In the proton–proton chain,
a.
no neutrinos are produced.
b.
energy is released because a helium nucleus has a greater mass than a hydrogen nucleus.
c.
no photons are produced.
d.
carbon serves as a catalyst for the nuclear reaction.
e.
energy is produced in the form of gamma rays and the velocity of the created nuclei.
2. Assume that the entire luminosity of the Sun is due to the PP chain reaction. The complete
PP chain reaction converts 4 hydrogen nuclei into 1 helium nucleus, according to the following
reaction:
4 H - He + 2e* + 2v.
a. Estimate the amount of energy released by one complete reaction.
b. Estimate how many of these reactions occur per second in the Sun, and how many
neutrinos the Sun produces each second.
c. Estimate the flux of neutrinos (in v's s' cm?) passing through the Earth.
1. If 0.048 × 10-27 kg of mass is converted to energy in a single hydrogen fusion reaction, how much mass is lost over the lifespan of the sun?
Chapter 14 Solutions
21ST CENTURY ASTR.:SOLAR..(LL)-PACKAGE
Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 14.1ACYUCh. 14.1 - Prob. 14.1BCYUCh. 14.2 - Prob. 14.2CYUCh. 14.3 - Prob. 14.3CYUCh. 14.4 - Prob. 14.4CYUCh. 14 - Prob. 1QPCh. 14 - Prob. 2QPCh. 14 - Prob. 3QPCh. 14 - Prob. 4QPCh. 14 - Prob. 5QP
Ch. 14 - Prob. 6QPCh. 14 - Prob. 7QPCh. 14 - Prob. 8QPCh. 14 - Prob. 9QPCh. 14 - Prob. 10QPCh. 14 - Prob. 11QPCh. 14 - Prob. 12QPCh. 14 - Prob. 13QPCh. 14 - Prob. 14QPCh. 14 - Prob. 15QPCh. 14 - Prob. 16QPCh. 14 - Prob. 17QPCh. 14 - Prob. 18QPCh. 14 - Prob. 19QPCh. 14 - Prob. 20QPCh. 14 - Prob. 21QPCh. 14 - Prob. 22QPCh. 14 - Prob. 23QPCh. 14 - Prob. 24QPCh. 14 - Prob. 25QPCh. 14 - Prob. 26QPCh. 14 - Prob. 27QPCh. 14 - Prob. 28QPCh. 14 - Prob. 29QPCh. 14 - Prob. 30QPCh. 14 - Prob. 31QPCh. 14 - Prob. 34QPCh. 14 - Prob. 35QPCh. 14 - Prob. 36QPCh. 14 - Prob. 37QPCh. 14 - Prob. 38QPCh. 14 - Prob. 39QPCh. 14 - Prob. 40QPCh. 14 - Prob. 41QPCh. 14 - Prob. 42QPCh. 14 - Prob. 43QPCh. 14 - Prob. 44QPCh. 14 - Prob. 45QP
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- Source A has a half-life of 10 million years, and source B has a half-life of 5 million years. After 10 million years, what percent of each source remains? A. 50% of source A and 25% of source B B. 50% of source A and 0% of source B C. 25% of source A and 25% of source B D. 25% of source A and 0% of source Barrow_forwardThe capture of too few solar neutrinos by Davis in the solar neutrino experiment a. can be explained if the sun is not undergoing thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen in its core. b. indicates that the sun’s core is much cooler than expected. c. indicates that the sun’s core is much hotter than expected. d. indicates that the sun’s core is convective. e. is explained by none of the above.arrow_forward10. Show explicitly that if the Sun's photosphere were not ionized, its mean molecular mass would be u 1.25.arrow_forward
- 2. What will be formed when a protium and a deuterium fuse together?3. Which isotope of helium is the final product of proton-proton chain reaction?arrow_forward4. Fusion of two Deuterium to form Helium3 and a neutron. 5. Fusion of Tritium and Deuterium to form Helium4 and a neutron. 6. Fusion of Helium3 and Deuterium to form Helium4 and a proton.arrow_forwardHow are neutrinos observed? a. by using a large tank of cleaning fluid buried deep in beneath Earth’s surface b. by using spectral observations c. by using a radio receiver d. by using a Schmidt-Cassegrain focus e. by using a magneto-hydrodynamic detectorarrow_forward
- 5. If a 10-gram sample of a radioactive substance has a half-life of 6000 years, how much would be present after 8000 years? 6. If Nitrogen-14 absorbs an alpha particle and then emits a Hydrogen-1, what is the resulting nucleus?arrow_forward1. The Sun’s mass is ~2x1030 kg. If 10% of this is Hydrogen available in the core, how long will the Sun be able to continue fusing hydrogen at this rate? This is considered the Sun's "lifetime". If the Sun is 4.6 billion years old (and assuming it's power output is constant), how many years does it have left?arrow_forwardHow long does it take for energy produced in the Sun's core to reach the photosphere? A. a few seconds B. a few hours O C. a few years D. a few hundred years E. a few hundred thousand yearsarrow_forward
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