Concept explainers
Pepsi Cans. In Exercises 5-8, refer to the axial loads (pounds) of aluminum Pepsi cans that are 0.0109 in. thick, as listed in Data Set 30 “Aluminum Cans” in Appendix B. An axial load of a can is the maximum weight supported by the side, and it is important to have an axial load high enough so that the can isn’t crushed when the top lid is pressed onto the top. There are seven measurements from each of 25 days of production. If the 175 axial loads are in one column, the first 7 are from the first day, the next 7 are from the second day, and so on, so that the “subgroup size” is 7.
8. Pepsi Cans:
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EBK ELEMENTARY STATISTICS
- What is a carrying capacity? What kind of model has a carrying capacity built into its formula? Why does this make sense?arrow_forwardBreast feeding sometimes results in a temporary loss of bone mass as calcium is depleted in the mother's body to provide for milk production. An investigation gave the following data on total body bone mineral content (g) for a sample of mothers both during breast feeding (B) and in the postweaning period (P). Subject 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 B 2170 1840 2563 2348 2721 2601 2386 2640 2549 1852 P 2300 1994 2594 2523 2852 2774 2534 2829 2578 2039 Do the data suggest that true average total body bone mineral content during postweaning exceeds that during breast feeding by more than 25 g? State and test the appropriate hypotheses using a significance level of 0.05. (Use a statistical computer package to calculate the P-value. Use ?P − ?B. Round your test statistic to two decimal places and your P-value to three decimal places.) t = df = P-value = Conclusion Fail to reject H0. OR Reject H0.arrow_forwardCell Phone Radiation Listed below are the measured radiation absorption rates (in W/kg) corresponding to these cell phones: iPhone 5S, BlackBerry Z30, Sanyo Vero, Optimus V, Droid Razr, Nokia N97, Samsung Vibrant, Sony Z750a, Kyocera Kona, LG G2, and Virgin Mobile Supreme. The data are from the Federal Communications Commission. If one of each model of cell phone is measured for radiation and the results are used to find the measures of variation, are the results typical of the population of cell phones that are in use?arrow_forward
- In forestry, the diameter of a tree at breast height is used to model the height of the tree. Silviculturists working in British Columbia’s boreal forest conducted a series of spacing trials to predict the heights of several species of trees. The data are the breast height diameters (in centimeters) and heights (in meters) for a sample of 18 white spruce trees. B1 B2 18.9 20.0 15.5 16.8 19.4 20.2 20.0 20.0 29.8 20.2 19.8 18.0 20.3 17.8 20.0 19.2 22.0 22.3 16.6 18.8 15.5 16.9 13.7 16.3 27.5 21.4 20.3 19.2 22.9 19.8 14.1 18.5 10.1 12.1 5.8 8.0 B1: Breast Height Diameter of White spruce (cm) B2: Height (m) a) Plot the relationship using scatter diagram between the breast height diameters and the trees’ height. Are the breast height diameters and the trees’ height linearly related? What can you infer about the relationship between the two variables? Is a linear model appropriate? b) Compare the scatter plot in (a) with the correlation coefficient…arrow_forwardThe efficiency for a steel specimen immersed in a phosphating tank is the weight of the phosphate coating divided by the metal loss (both in mg/ft2). An article gave the accompanying data on tank temperature (x) and efficiency ratio (y). Temp. 173 175 176 177 177 178 179 180 Ratio 0.74 1.41 1.52 1.05 1.09 1.18 0.98 1.82 Temp. 183 183 183 183 183 184 184 185 Ratio 1.37 1.68 1.63 2.07 2.07 0.78 1.39 0.84 Temp. 185 185 185 187 187 188 189 191 Ratio 1.83 1.98 2.74 1.43 2.56 2.90 1.77 3.10 (a) Determine the equation of the estimated regression line. (Round all numerical values to four decimal places.) y = 0.0890−14.7594x (b) Calculate a point estimate for true average efficiency ratio when tank temperature is 185. (Round your answer to four decimal places.) (c) Calculate the values of the residuals from the least squares line for the four observations for which temperature is 185. (Round your answers to two decimal places.) (185, 0.84)(185,…arrow_forwardThe efficiency for a steel specimen immersed in a phosphating tank is the weight of the phosphate coating divided by the metal loss (both in mg/ft2). An article gave the accompanying data on tank temperature (x) and efficiency ratio (y). Temp. 173 175 176 177 177 178 179 180 Ratio 0.92 1.29 1.44 1.11 1.15 1.12 0.96 1.82 Temp. 183 183 183 183 183 184 184 185 Ratio 1.47 1.68 1.67 2.07 2.09 0.82 1.33 0.96 Temp. 185 185 185 187 187 188 189 191 Ratio 1.83 1.96 2.62 1.55 2.42 3.04 1.97 3.18 (a) Determine the equation of the estimated regression line. (Round all numerical values to four decimal places.) y = (b) Calculate a point estimate for true average efficiency ratio when tank temperature is 185. (Round your answer to four decimal places.) (c) Calculate the values of the residuals from the least squares line for the four observations for which temperature is 185. (Round your answers to two decimal places.) (185, 0.96)(185, 1.83)(185,…arrow_forward
- A crayon manufacturer is comparing the effects of two kinds of yellow dye on the brittleness of crayons. Dye B is more expensive than dye A, but it is thought that it might produce a stronger crayon. Four crayons are tested with each kind of dye, and the impact strength (in joules) is measured for each. The results are as follows: Dye A: 1.0 2.0 1.2 3.0 Dye B: 3.0 3.2 2.6 3.4 a) Can you conclude that the mean strength of crayons made with dye B is greater than that of crayons made with dye A? b) Can you conclude that the mean strength of crayons made with dye B exceeds that of crayons made with dye A by more than 1 J?arrow_forwardThe efficiency for a steel specimen immersed in a phosphating tank is the weight of the phosphate coating divided by the metal loss (both in mg/ft2). An article gave the accompanying data on tank temperature (x) and efficiency ratio (y). Temp. 173 175 176 177 177 178 179 180 Ratio 0.86 1.37 1.32 1.13 0.97 1.10 1.10 1.78 Temp. 183 183 183 183 183 184 184 185 Ratio 1.47 1.54 1.53 2.15 2.05 0.80 1.39 0.96 Temp. 185 185 185 187 187 188 189 191 Ratio 1.73 2.00 2.70 1.45 2.42 3.10 1.79 3.10 (a) Determine the equation of the estimated regression line. (Round all numerical values to four decimal places.) y = (b) Calculate a point estimate for true average efficiency ratio when tank temperature is 185. (Round your answer to four decimal places.) (c) Calculate the values of the residuals from the least squares line for the four observations for which temperature is 185. (Round your answers to two decimal places.) (185, 0.96)(185, 1.73)(185,…arrow_forwardAn article in the ASCE Journal of Energy Engineering [“Overview of Reservoir Release Improvements at 20 TVA Dams” (Vol. 125, April 1999, pp. 1–17)] presents data on dissolved oxygen concentrations in streams below 20 dams in the Tennessee Valley Authority system. The observations are (in milligrams per liter):arrow_forward
- Second-Hand Smoke: Data Set 12 “Passive and Active Smoke” in Appendix B includes cotinine levels measured in a group of nonsmokers exposed to tobacco smoke (n = 40, Mean = 60.58 ng>mL, s = 138.08 ng>mL) and a group of nonsmokers not exposed to tobacco smoke (n = 40, Mean = 16.35 ng>mL, s = 62.53 ng>mL). Cotinine is a metabolite of nicotine, meaning that when nicotine is absorbed by the body, cotinine is produced. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that nonsmokers exposed to tobacco smoke have a higher mean cotinine level than nonsmokers not exposed to tobacco smoke. Construct the confidence interval appropriate for the hypothesis test in part a. What do you conclude about the effects of second-hand smoke?arrow_forward. Two soft drink dispensing machines should dispense 8 oz of your selection into a cup. The table below shows the data Machine 1 9.52 6.41 10.07 5.85 8.15 Machine 2 8.01 7.99 7.95 8.03 8.02 Which is more consistent in dispensing soda base on the measures of dispersion? Show all solutions.arrow_forwardWild irises are beautiful flowers found throughout the United States, Canada, and northern Europe. This problem concerns the length of the sepal (leaf-like part covering the flower) of different species of wild iris. Data are based on information taken from an article by R. A. Fisher in Annals of Eugenics (Vol. 7, part 2, pp. 179 -188). Measurements of sepal length in centimeters from random samples of Iris setosa (I), Iris versicolor (II), and Iris virginica (III) are as follows below. I II III 5.5 5.2 6.7 4.4 6.5 5.7 5.2 6.9 4.1 5.9 4.4 7.8 4.3 5.5 5.7 5.3 6.4 6.1 5.8 5.5 6.9 Shall we reject or not reject the claim that there are no differences among the population means of sepal length for the different species of iris? Use a 10% level of significance. (a) What is the level of significance? (b) Find SSTOT, SSBET, and SSW and check that SSTOT = SSBET + SSW. (Use 3 decimal places.) SSTOT = ? SSBET = ? SSW = ? Find d.f.BET, d.f.W, MSBET, and…arrow_forward
- Big Ideas Math A Bridge To Success Algebra 1: Stu...AlgebraISBN:9781680331141Author:HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURTPublisher:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt