BROCK BIO.OF MICROORGANISMS-W/ACCESS
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781323776346
Author: MADIGAN
Publisher: PEARSON C
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Textbook Question
Chapter 14.16, Problem 1CR
Compare and contrast acetogens with methanogens in terms of (1) substrates and products of their energy
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Chapter 14 Solutions
BROCK BIO.OF MICROORGANISMS-W/ACCESS
Ch. 14.1 - What is the fundamental difference between an...Ch. 14.1 - What is the purpose of chlorophyll and...Ch. 14.1 - Why can phototrophic green bacteria grow at light...Ch. 14.1 - What are the functions of light-harvesting and...Ch. 14.2 - In which phototrophs are carotenoids found?...Ch. 14.2 - How does the structure of a phycobilin compare...Ch. 14.2 - Phycocyanin is blue-green. What color of light...Ch. 14.2 - What accessory pigments are present in...Ch. 14.3 - What parallels exist in the processes of...Ch. 14.3 - What is reverse electron flow and why is it...
Ch. 14.3 - What is the difference between cyclic and...Ch. 14.3 - What is reverse electron transport and why is it...Ch. 14.4 - Differentiate between cyclic and noncyclic...Ch. 14.4 - What is the key role of light energy in the...Ch. 14.4 - What evidence is there that anoxygenic and...Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.5 - Prob. 1MQCh. 14.5 - How much NADPH and ATP is required to make one...Ch. 14.5 - Contrast autotrophy in the following phototrophs:...Ch. 14.5 - QWhat is a carboxysome, and what is its role in...Ch. 14.6 - Prob. 1MQCh. 14.6 - What is FeMo-co and what does it do?Ch. 14.6 - How is acetylene useful in studies of nitrogen...Ch. 14.6 - How might the ability to fix nitrogen help a...Ch. 14.7 - In a coupled reaction, how can you tell the...Ch. 14.7 - How does aerobic respiration differ from anaerobic...Ch. 14.7 - Describe the major differences between...Ch. 14.7 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.8 - What enzyme is required for hydrogen bacteria to...Ch. 14.8 - Why is reverse electron flow unnecessary in H2...Ch. 14.8 - QWhich inorganic electron donors are used by the...Ch. 14.9 - Prob. 1MQCh. 14.9 - In terms of intermediates, how does the Sox system...Ch. 14.9 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.10 - Prob. 1MQCh. 14.10 - What is the function of rusticyanin and where is...Ch. 14.10 - How can Fe2+ be oxidized under anoxic conditions?Ch. 14.10 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.11 - Prob. 1MQCh. 14.11 - Prob. 2MQCh. 14.11 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.12 - What are the electron donor and acceptor in the...Ch. 14.12 - What does electron transport in anammox bacteria...Ch. 14.12 - Compare CO2 fixation in anammox bacteria and...Ch. 14.12 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.13 - For Escherichia coli, why is more energy released...Ch. 14.13 - How do the products of NO3 reduction differ...Ch. 14.13 - Where is the dissimilative nitrate reductase found...Ch. 14.13 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.14 - How is SO42 converted to SO32 during dissimilative...Ch. 14.14 - Contrast the growth of Desulfovibrio on H2 versus...Ch. 14.14 - Give an example of sulfur disproportionation.Ch. 14.14 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.15 - Prob. 1MQCh. 14.15 - What is reductive dechlorination and why is it...Ch. 14.15 - How does anaerobic glucose catabolism differ in...Ch. 14.15 - Compare and contrast ferric iron reduction with...Ch. 14.16 - What is the purpose of CO dehydrogenase?Ch. 14.16 - If acetogens conserve energy using the Rnf...Ch. 14.16 - What is electron bifurcation and what role does it...Ch. 14.16 - Compare and contrast acetogens with methanogens in...Ch. 14.17 - Which coenzymes function as C1 carriers in...Ch. 14.17 - In methanogens growing on H2 + CO2, how is carbon...Ch. 14.17 - How is ATP made in methanogenesis when the...Ch. 14.17 - What are the major differences in the conservation...Ch. 14.18 - When using CH4 as electron donor, why is...Ch. 14.18 - In which two ways does the ribulose monophosphate...Ch. 14.18 - What is unique about methanotrophy in...Ch. 14.18 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.19 - Why is H2 produced during many types of...Ch. 14.19 - Why is acetate formation in fermentation...Ch. 14.19 - Define the term substrate-level phosphorylation:...Ch. 14.20 - How can homo- and heterofermentative metabolism be...Ch. 14.20 - Butanediol production leads to greater ethanol...Ch. 14.20 - QWhat are the major fermentation products of...Ch. 14.21 - Compare the mechanisms for energy conservation in...Ch. 14.21 - What type of substrates are fermented by...Ch. 14.21 - What are the substrates for the Clostridium...Ch. 14.21 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.22 - Why does Propionigenium modestum require sodium...Ch. 14.22 - Of what benefit is the organism Oxalobacter to...Ch. 14.22 - Prob. 3MQCh. 14.22 - Give an example of a fermentation that does not...Ch. 14.23 - Give an example of interspecies H2 transfer. Why...Ch. 14.23 - Why can a pure culture of Syntrophomonas grow on...Ch. 14.23 - Why is syntrophy also called interspecies H2...Ch. 14.24 - How do monooxygenases differ in function from...Ch. 14.24 - What is the final product of catabolism of a...Ch. 14.24 - Prob. 3MQCh. 14.24 - How do monooxygenases differ from dioxygenases in...Ch. 14.25 - What is the benzoyl-CoA pathway, and how might it...Ch. 14.25 - How is hexane oxygenated during anoxic catabolism?Ch. 14.25 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14 - The growth rate of the phototrophic purple...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2AQCh. 14 - A fatty acid such as butyrate cannot be fermented...Ch. 14 - When methane is made from CO2 (plus H2) or from...
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- Trichonympha and other microbes supply cellulase, the enzyme needed to break down cellulose, which is the primary chemical constituent of wood and other fibrous plant parts. What ecological consequences would ensue if we did not have trichonympha and other organisms producing this enzyme?arrow_forwardCyanobacteria harness energy from the sun through photosynthesis, and oxidize water to provide electrons for energy generation. Thus, we classify cyanobacteria as _________. a. photolithotrophs b. photoautotrophs c. chemolithoautotrophs d. chemo-organotrophsarrow_forwardWhy do chemotrophs have to use oxygen? The definition of chemotrophs is = organisms that gain chemical energy by oxidizing bonds. Do the organisms have to oxidize bonds using oxygen?arrow_forward
- Chemolithrophs near hydrothermal vents support a variety of other life forms there. Explain now their role is analogous to that of photosynthetic organisms in the terrestrial environment.arrow_forwardIf algae are exposed to 14CO2 for a brief period while illuminated, the labeled carbon is initially found almost entirely in the carboxyl group of 3-phosphoglycerate. However, if illumination is continued after the label pulse, other carbon atoms become labeled. Explain.arrow_forwardGive the graphic representation of life cycle of Eurotiumarrow_forward
- The anaerobic, chemoautotrophic archaeobacterium Methanococcus jannaschii uses which of the following carbon-fixation pathways to obtain organic carbon from CO2? the Hill reaction the reductive acetyl-CoA pathway the Calvin cycle oxygenic photosynthesis the Krebs cyclearrow_forwardChemolithotrophs near hydrothermal vents support a variety of other life-forms there. Explain how their role is analogous to that of photosynthetic organisms in terrestrial environments.arrow_forwardWhich of the following pathways is used to fix inorganic carbon into organic form (like methane), by the anaerobic, chemoautotrophic archaeobacterium Methanococcus jannaschii? the reductive acetyl-CoA pathway the Hill reaction the Krebs cycle the Calvin cycle oxygenic photosynthesisarrow_forward
- . The light-sensitive, protein component of the complex which pumps hydrogen ions out of the cell when exposed to sunlight (from the halophilic archaeobacterium Halobacterium halobium) is called: the photosynthetic reaction center bacteriorhodopsin retinal cytochrome c bacteriochlorophyllarrow_forward. The anaerobic, chemoautotrophic archaeobacterium Methanococcus jannaschii uses which of the following carbon-fixation pathways to obtain organic carbon from CO2? the Hill reaction the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway the Calvin cycle oxygenic photosynthesis the Krebs cyclearrow_forwardMulticellular organisms with a true nucleus, ester-linked fatty acids in their G-3-P cell membranes, histone proteins, and cell walls with a high cellulose content (above 20%), but no collagen, must be: members of kingdom Archaeobacteria members of kingdom Eubacteria members of kingdom Animalia members of kingdom Plantae members of kingdom Fungiarrow_forward
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