BIOLOGY: CONCEPTS&INVEST. (LL)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781264706983
Author: Hoefnagels
Publisher: MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 14.4, Problem 1MC
Describe the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. How can the fossil record support both?
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Discuss the pace of evolution by describing punctuated equilibriumand phyletic gradualism.
Contrast the gradualistic model of evolution with the punctuated equilibrium model of evolution.
When constructing phylogenetic trees, what is the purpose of applying maximum parsimony?
Parsimony allows the researcher to "root" the tree.
For trees based on morphology, the most parsimonious tree requires the maximum evolutionary events.
The outgroup roots the tree, allowing the principle of parsimony to be applied.
For trees based on morphology, the most parsimonious is the one that uses the simplest explanation of evolutionary events.
Chapter 14 Solutions
BIOLOGY: CONCEPTS&INVEST. (LL)
Ch. 14.1 - What is the relationship between macroevolution...Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 2MCCh. 14.1 - What are some of the challenges in defining...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 1MCCh. 14.2 - Prob. 2MCCh. 14.3 - Distinguish among allopatric, parapatric, and...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 2MCCh. 14.3 - Prob. 3MCCh. 14.4 - Describe the theories of gradualism and punctuated...Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 2MC
Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 1MCCh. 14.5 - Prob. 2MCCh. 14.5 - Prob. 3MCCh. 14.6 - Describe the taxonomic hierarchy.Ch. 14.6 - What is the advantage of a cladistics approach...Ch. 14.6 - Distinguish between ancestral and derived...Ch. 14.6 - Prob. 4MCCh. 14.6 - How is a cladogram constructed?Ch. 14.6 - Prob. 6MCCh. 14.7 - Prob. 1MCCh. 14.7 - Prob. 2MCCh. 14 - The biological species concept defines species...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 14 - A mountain range separates a population of...Ch. 14 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 14 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 14 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 14 - What type of reproductive barrier applies to each...Ch. 14 - Why do species become extinct? Choose a species...Ch. 14 - Prob. 3WIOCh. 14 - Which of the groups in figure 1.9 represent...Ch. 14 - On figure 14.20, circle a monophyletic group, a...Ch. 14 - Prob. 1PITCh. 14 - Add fertilization and offspring to this concept...Ch. 14 - Prob. 3PIT
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Referring to the phylogeny below, which trait is the most ancestral? which trait is shared by species 4 and 3 but not 2?arrow_forwardBelow is a phylogeny depicting the relationship among eight animal species (A to H). Next to the species names are the tooth morphology of each species. For example, species A has prominent molar teeth, thus likely a herbivore. On the other hand, species C has prominent canine teeth, thus likely a carnivore. Which of the following statements is correct? A C D E H. The most recent common ancestor for species A to H is probably a carnivore. The most recent common ancestor for species A to H is probably a herbivore. It is impossible to tell what the main food source is for the most recent common ancestor of species A to H. For species C, D, E, F, G, there are four evolutionary events that lead to the evolution of canine tooth morphology. IF the common ancestor of species C, D, E, F, G is a carnivore, then the molar teeth for species D is a plesiomorphy.arrow_forwardCompare the two theories of evolution, gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.arrow_forward
- Define the following terms: divergent evolution, convergent evolution, analogous structures, homologous structuresarrow_forwardWhy are vestigial structures among organisms evidence for evolution? Give an example of another vestigial structure.arrow_forwardn which situation would it make sense to use the phylogenetic species concept? When you are not able to collect data about how individuals in your study use their habitat, but you are able to collect reproductive data When you are able to collect data about how individuals in your study use their habitat, but you are unable to determine if they interbreed When you only have genetic data about each organism in your study When working with fossils from extinct organismsarrow_forward
- n which situation would it make sense to use the morphological species concept? When you are able to collect data about how individuals in your study use their habitat, but you are unable to determine if they interbreed When working with fossils from extinct organisms When you only have genetic data about each organism in your study When you are not able to collect data about how individuals in your study use their habitat, but you are able to collect reproductive dataarrow_forwardWhy don’t shared ancestral characters provide evidence for relationships between organisms within a taxon that has those traits? Give an example.arrow_forwardIdentify the outgroup from the phylogenetic trees and box/mark the whole lineage in red. Identify the most recent common ancestor for species A and B and mark it in blue. Identify the most recent common ancestor for species C and D and mark it in green. E A B C D E B C D Earrow_forward
- In the figure, the letters A-G represent individual species that all descended from a common ancestor. DEFG Which of the following conclusions regarding the phylogeny of these organisms can be made from this tree? B is more closely related to G than it is to A. A is more closely related to D than it is to C. G is more closely related to A than it is to F. D is more closely related to E than it is to C.arrow_forwardGiven the phylogenetic tree shown below, which of the following two species (A-F) most recently shared a common ancestor? DEarrow_forwardBelow is a phylogeny depicting the relationship among eight animal species (A to H). Next to the species names are the tooth morphology of each species. For example, species A has prominent molar teeth, thus likely a herbivore. On the other hand, species C has prominent canine teeth, thus likely a carnivore. Which of the following statements is correct? The most recent common ancestor for species A to H is probably a carnivore. The most recent common ancestor for species A to H is probably a herbivore. It is impossible to tell what the main food source is for the most recent common ancestor of species A to H. For species C, D, E, F, G, there are four evolutionary events that lead to the evolution of canine tooth morphology. IF the common ancestor of species C, D, E, F, G is a carnivore, then the molar teeth for species D is a plesiomorphy.arrow_forward
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