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Chapter 14.4, Problem 22E
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### Mathematical Applications for the ...

11th Edition
Ronald J. Harshbarger + 1 other
ISBN: 9781305108042

#### Solutions

Chapter
Section
BuyFindarrow_forward

### Mathematical Applications for the ...

11th Edition
Ronald J. Harshbarger + 1 other
ISBN: 9781305108042
Textbook Problem

# Profit The profit for a grain crop is related to fertilizer and labor. The profit per acre is P =   100 x   +   40 y −   5 x 2 —   2 y 2 dollars where x is the number of units of fertilizer and y is the number of work-hours. What values of x and y will maximize the profit? What is the maximum profit?

To determine

To calculate: The values of x and y that will maximize the profit and the maximum profit. The profit for a grain crop is related to fertilizer and labor if the profit per acre is given by P=100x+40y5x22y2 in dollars and in that x is the number of units of fertilizers or y is the number of work-hours.

Explanation

Given Information:

The profit per acre is P=100x+40y5x22y2.

Formula used:

To calculate relative maxima and minima of the z=f(x,y),

(1) Find the partial derivatives zx and zy.

(2) Find the critical points, that is, the point(s) that satisfy zx=0 and zy=0.

(3) Then find all the second partial derivatives and evaluate the value of D at each critical point, where D=(zxx)(zyy)(zxy)2=2zx22zy2(2zxy)2.

(a) If D>0, then relative minimum occurs if zxx>0 and relative maximum occurs if zxx<0.

(b) If D<0, then neither a relative maximum nor a relative minimum occurs.

For a function f(x,y), the partial derivative of f with respect to x is calculated by taking the derivative of f(x,y) with respect to x and keeping the other variable y constant and the partial derivative of f with respect to y is calculated by taking the derivative of f(x,y) with respect to y and keeping the other variable x constant. The partial derivative of f with respect to x is denoted by fx and with respect to y is denoted by fy.

For a function z(x,y), the second partial derivative,

(1) When both derivatives are taken with respect to x is zxx=2zx2=x(zx).

(2) When both derivatives are taken with respect to y is zyy=2zy2=y(zy).

(3) When first derivative is taken with respect to x and second derivative is taken with respect to y is zxy=2zyx=y(zx).

(4) When first derivative is taken with respect to y and second derivative is taken with respect to x is zyx=2zxy=x(zy).

Power of x rule for a real number n is such that, if f(x)=xn then f(x)=nxn1.

Chain rule for function f(x)=u(v(x)) is f(x)=u(v(x))v(x).

Constant function rule for a constant c is such that, if f(x)=c then f(x)=0.

Coefficient rule for a constant c is such that, if f(x)=cu(x), where u(x) is a differentiable function of x, then f(x)=cu(x).

Calculation:

Consider the provided function is P(x,y)=100x+40y5x22y2.

Use the power of x rule for derivatives, the constant function rule, the chain rule, and the coefficient rule,

Thus,

Px=01005(2x)=010x=100x=10

And,

Py=0402(2y)=04y=40y=10

Thus, the critical point is (10,10)

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