ACHIEVE FOR BIOLOGY:HOW LIFE WORKS-EBOOK
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781319284367
Author: Morris
Publisher: Macmillan Higher Education
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Chapter 14.5, Problem 15SAQ
Summary Introduction
DNA (genetic material) carries genetic information from mother to offspring in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. As it is fragile, it prone to various genetic damages. A change in the DNA sequence of the cell is known as a mutation. Mutations often occur in two ways such as spontaneous mutations (which arise occasionally) and induced mutations (which arise from the exposure of mutagens). Mutations affect the
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How is the mechanism of excision repair similar to that of mismatch repair?
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Match the DNA repair mechanism to the type of repair it fixes.
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Mismatches after S-phase, before M-phase
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- What is an advantage and a disadvantage of this repair system?arrow_forwardMatch the bold DNA repair response(s) to the triggering type of DNA damage. Homologous Recombination Mishmatch Repair Base Excision Repair Nucleotide Excision Repair Non-homologous End Joining Single-strand DNA breaks Removal of repair lesions such as photoproducts caused by UV including Thymine dimers Double-Strand Break repair mechanism which is an accurate repair mechanism without any introduction of insertions or deletions. It requires a sister chromatid as a template. This repair mechanism uses just DNA glycosylase to remove Uracil (no other enzymes or complexes are required) then DNA polymerase can use the template stand to add the complementary base where the Uracil has been removedInterstrand Crosslink Repair This repair mechanism is used to recognize and repair mis-incorporation of base that can arise during DNA replication. Removal and replacement of modifying bases such as Uracil, 8-hyroxyguanine and others. Double-strand Break that is termed as “Quick and Dirty” as it is…arrow_forwardWhich of the following DNA repair mechanisms relies on homologous DNA recombination for the repair process? DNA proofreading O SOS response postreplication repair base excision repair mismatch repairarrow_forward
- Explain the differences in between base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair.arrow_forwardI need explanation for the why the answer is correct? And why would the other options wrongarrow_forwardWhich of the following repair mechanisms removes damaged bases in non-dividing cells? double strand break repair Obase excision repair O mismatch repair O recombinational repairarrow_forward
- BONUS: Why do RNA viruses such as the COVID coronavirus, influenza virus and HIV have much higher mutation rates than DNA viruses such as Herpes viruses? O DNA polymerases which copy viral RNA have much higher mutation rates than RNA polymerases which copy viral DNA O RNA polymerases which copy viral RNA have much higher mutation rates than DNA polymerases which copy viral DNA RNA viral 60S ribosomes make many ore mutations than DNA viral 40S ribosomes O RNA viral gyrases make more mistakes than DNA viral helicasesarrow_forwardWhich of the following is not a DNA repair mechanism? a) binding-protein excision repair b) nucleotide excision repair c) mismatch repair d) base excision repairarrow_forwardWhich of the following DNA repair processes is known to be "error-prone" (i.e. resulting in incorporation of incorrect nucleotides as part of the repair process)? Mark all the answers that are correct. post-replication repair Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) M non-homologous end-joining of double-stranded DNA breaks. SOS-response O Base Excision Repair (BER)arrow_forward
- Which of the following DNA repair processes is known to be "error-prone" (i.e. resulting in incorporation of incorrect nucleotides as part of the repair process)? Mark all the answers that are correct. Base Excision Repair (BER) non-homologous end-joining of double-stranded DNA breaks. O Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) post-replication repair SO-responsearrow_forwardAmong the different types of DNA repair, one has the unique ability to detect which strand is the newly synthesized strand where DNA polymerase may have mis-incorporated a base. This repair is Group of answer choices Photolyase Nucleotide excision repair Base excision repair SOS repair Mismatch Repairarrow_forwardWhich of the following DNA repair mechanisms relies on homologous DNA recombination for the repair process? base excision repair DNA proofreading postreplication repair mismatch repair SOS responsearrow_forward
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