LaunchPad for Biology: How Life Works (Six-Months Online)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781319305727
Author: Morris, JAMES
Publisher: Macmillan Higher Education
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Chapter 14.5, Problem 15SAQ
Summary Introduction
DNA (genetic material) carries genetic information from mother to offspring in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. As it is fragile, it prone to various genetic damages. A change in the DNA sequence of the cell is known as a mutation. Mutations often occur in two ways such as spontaneous mutations (which arise occasionally) and induced mutations (which arise from the exposure of mutagens). Mutations affect the
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What are the essential differences between base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair and what types of DNA damage are they dedicated to repairing?
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- Match the DNA repair mechanism to the type of repair it fixes. Base excision repair DNA polymerase proofreading Non-homolgous end-joining Mismatch repair Nucleotide excision repair Double strand breaks Mismatches in S-phase Mismatches after S-phase, before M-phase Mismatches in interphase Thymidine Dimer Double strand breaks Mismatches in S-phase Mismatches after S-phase, before…arrow_forwardMatch the bold DNA repair response(s) to the triggering type of DNA damage. Homologous Recombination Mishmatch Repair Base Excision Repair Nucleotide Excision Repair Non-homologous End Joining Single-strand DNA breaks Removal of repair lesions such as photoproducts caused by UV including Thymine dimers Double-Strand Break repair mechanism which is an accurate repair mechanism without any introduction of insertions or deletions. It requires a sister chromatid as a template. This repair mechanism uses just DNA glycosylase to remove Uracil (no other enzymes or complexes are required) then DNA polymerase can use the template stand to add the complementary base where the Uracil has been removedInterstrand Crosslink Repair This repair mechanism is used to recognize and repair mis-incorporation of base that can arise during DNA replication. Removal and replacement of modifying bases such as Uracil, 8-hyroxyguanine and others. Double-strand Break that is termed as “Quick and Dirty” as it is…arrow_forwardDetail the differences between base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair. Please help explain in 5 sentences or less, thank you!arrow_forward
- Which of the following DNA Repair systems is most likely to be activated after someone goes to a tanning booth? (Side Note from Professor Voll: Don't use tanning booths!) Base Excision Repair Double Strand Break Repair Proofreading Nucleotide Excision Repairarrow_forwardWhich of the following DNA repair mechanisms relies on homologous DNA recombination for the repair process? DNA proofreading O SOS response postreplication repair base excision repair mismatch repairarrow_forwardExplain the differences in between base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair.arrow_forward
- Which of the following repair mechanisms removes damaged bases in non-dividing cells? double strand break repair Obase excision repair O mismatch repair O recombinational repairarrow_forwardWhat are bypass polymerases? How do they differ fromthe replicative polymerases? How do their special features facilitate their role in DNA repair?arrow_forwardWhich of the following plays a role in repairing thymine dimers by reversing the damage caused by UV light exposure in bacteria? base excision repair photoreactivation enzyme postreplication repair non-homologous end-joining repair DNA polymerase proofreadingarrow_forward
- What does i mean to say that extension by DNA polymerase III proceeds 5' 3'? The 5' end of a DNA polymerase molecule attaches to the 3' end of primase. DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to a growing strand, moving in the 5'-3' direction. O DNA polymerase seals nicks as it moves along a DNA strand toward the 3' end. DNA polymerase can only synthesize DNA at the 5' end of an existing strand of DNA. O O 0arrow_forwardDescribe nucleotide excision repair.arrow_forwardBONUS: Why do RNA viruses such as the COVID coronavirus, influenza virus and HIV have much higher mutation rates than DNA viruses such as Herpes viruses? O DNA polymerases which copy viral RNA have much higher mutation rates than RNA polymerases which copy viral DNA O RNA polymerases which copy viral RNA have much higher mutation rates than DNA polymerases which copy viral DNA RNA viral 60S ribosomes make many ore mutations than DNA viral 40S ribosomes O RNA viral gyrases make more mistakes than DNA viral helicasesarrow_forward
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