Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 14.5, Problem 1CR
Q What is a carboxysome, and what is its role in CO2 fixation? Plants do not have carboxysomes; how might this affect the efficiency with which they fix CO2?
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Q no 1: Why photophosphorylation is better than photorespiration?
Q. 15
Please answer correctly well explained and not from google internet.
In the graph below, the net rate of photosynthesis is shown in relation to the leaf temperature in regular plants (C3) and plants C4.
A) Describe the results represented by the graph. (What does this graph tell you about the effect of temperature on both types of plants?)
B) Explains the results represented by the graph by highlighting the differences in adaptation between plants in C3 and C4.
Q35. Which of the following would be dramatically reduced by membrane leakage?
A. Proton transport by the plastoquinone pool
B. NADP+ synthesis
C. ATP synthesis
D. Light-dependent oxidation/reduction of P680
Chapter 14 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 14.1 - What is the fundamental difference between an...Ch. 14.1 - What is the purpose of chlorophyll and...Ch. 14.1 - Why can phototrophic green bacteria grow at light...Ch. 14.1 - What are the functions of light-harvesting and...Ch. 14.2 - In which phototrophs are carotenoids found?...Ch. 14.2 - How does the structure of a phycobilin compare...Ch. 14.2 - Phycocyanin is blue-green. What color of light...Ch. 14.2 - What accessory pigments are present in...Ch. 14.3 - What parallels exist in the processes of...Ch. 14.3 - What is reverse electron flow and why is it...
Ch. 14.3 - What is the difference between cyclic and...Ch. 14.3 - What is reverse electron transport and why is it...Ch. 14.4 - Differentiate between cyclic and noncyclic...Ch. 14.4 - What is the key role of light energy in the...Ch. 14.4 - What evidence is there that anoxygenic and...Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.5 - Prob. 1MQCh. 14.5 - How much NADPH and ATP is required to make one...Ch. 14.5 - Contrast autotrophy in the following phototrophs:...Ch. 14.5 - QWhat is a carboxysome, and what is its role in...Ch. 14.6 - Prob. 1MQCh. 14.6 - What is FeMo-co and what does it do?Ch. 14.6 - How is acetylene useful in studies of nitrogen...Ch. 14.6 - How might the ability to fix nitrogen help a...Ch. 14.7 - In a coupled reaction, how can you tell the...Ch. 14.7 - How does aerobic respiration differ from anaerobic...Ch. 14.7 - Describe the major differences between...Ch. 14.7 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.8 - What enzyme is required for hydrogen bacteria to...Ch. 14.8 - Why is reverse electron flow unnecessary in H2...Ch. 14.8 - QWhich inorganic electron donors are used by the...Ch. 14.9 - Prob. 1MQCh. 14.9 - In terms of intermediates, how does the Sox system...Ch. 14.9 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.10 - Prob. 1MQCh. 14.10 - What is the function of rusticyanin and where is...Ch. 14.10 - How can Fe2+ be oxidized under anoxic conditions?Ch. 14.10 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.11 - Prob. 1MQCh. 14.11 - Prob. 2MQCh. 14.11 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.12 - What are the electron donor and acceptor in the...Ch. 14.12 - What does electron transport in anammox bacteria...Ch. 14.12 - Compare CO2 fixation in anammox bacteria and...Ch. 14.12 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.13 - For Escherichia coli, why is more energy released...Ch. 14.13 - How do the products of NO3 reduction differ...Ch. 14.13 - Where is the dissimilative nitrate reductase found...Ch. 14.13 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.14 - How is SO42 converted to SO32 during dissimilative...Ch. 14.14 - Contrast the growth of Desulfovibrio on H2 versus...Ch. 14.14 - Give an example of sulfur disproportionation.Ch. 14.14 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.15 - Prob. 1MQCh. 14.15 - What is reductive dechlorination and why is it...Ch. 14.15 - How does anaerobic glucose catabolism differ in...Ch. 14.15 - Compare and contrast ferric iron reduction with...Ch. 14.16 - What is the purpose of CO dehydrogenase?Ch. 14.16 - If acetogens conserve energy using the Rnf...Ch. 14.16 - What is electron bifurcation and what role does it...Ch. 14.16 - Compare and contrast acetogens with methanogens in...Ch. 14.17 - Which coenzymes function as C1 carriers in...Ch. 14.17 - In methanogens growing on H2 + CO2, how is carbon...Ch. 14.17 - How is ATP made in methanogenesis when the...Ch. 14.17 - What are the major differences in the conservation...Ch. 14.18 - When using CH4 as electron donor, why is...Ch. 14.18 - In which two ways does the ribulose monophosphate...Ch. 14.18 - What is unique about methanotrophy in...Ch. 14.18 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.19 - Why is H2 produced during many types of...Ch. 14.19 - Why is acetate formation in fermentation...Ch. 14.19 - Define the term substrate-level phosphorylation:...Ch. 14.20 - How can homo- and heterofermentative metabolism be...Ch. 14.20 - Butanediol production leads to greater ethanol...Ch. 14.20 - QWhat are the major fermentation products of...Ch. 14.21 - Compare the mechanisms for energy conservation in...Ch. 14.21 - What type of substrates are fermented by...Ch. 14.21 - What are the substrates for the Clostridium...Ch. 14.21 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14.22 - Why does Propionigenium modestum require sodium...Ch. 14.22 - Of what benefit is the organism Oxalobacter to...Ch. 14.22 - Prob. 3MQCh. 14.22 - Give an example of a fermentation that does not...Ch. 14.23 - Give an example of interspecies H2 transfer. Why...Ch. 14.23 - Why can a pure culture of Syntrophomonas grow on...Ch. 14.23 - Why is syntrophy also called interspecies H2...Ch. 14.24 - How do monooxygenases differ in function from...Ch. 14.24 - What is the final product of catabolism of a...Ch. 14.24 - Prob. 3MQCh. 14.24 - How do monooxygenases differ from dioxygenases in...Ch. 14.25 - What is the benzoyl-CoA pathway, and how might it...Ch. 14.25 - How is hexane oxygenated during anoxic catabolism?Ch. 14.25 - Prob. 1CRCh. 14 - The growth rate of the phototrophic purple...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2AQCh. 14 - A fatty acid such as butyrate cannot be fermented...Ch. 14 - When methane is made from CO2 (plus H2) or from...
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- Need help In what kinds of environments would you expect to find C3, C4, or CAM plants? What is the advantage of the C4 pathway when CO2 concentrations are low?arrow_forwardQ no 2: Describe in detail what happens during the light reactions of photosystems. Use terms such as photosystems (be specific about which is which), pigments, reaction center, water-splitting, NADPH, ATP, ADP, NADP+, oxygen gas, etc?arrow_forwardQ: What is the effect of electron transport chain inhibitors/uncouplers on: - the ATP / ADP ratio - the rate of NADH oxidation - the absorption of O2 - the amount of dissipated heat (↑ or ↓)arrow_forward
- Q) Start with a photon of sunlight and a carbon atom in a molecule of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere: model/diagram their pathway from that starting point to their final destination as a glucose molecule that is used for energy in a cell in the plant root. Following your diagram/model, provide a written explanation for what your diagram/model depicts. Make sure both your model and explanation are clear, concise, and have the appropriate level of detail to clearly demonstrate you understand photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and the movement of mass and energy in plants.arrow_forwardIn CAM plants, carbon dioxide is fixed by C4 pathway into ?, which is stored in ? 1. oxaloacetate; vacuoles 2. oxaloacetate; stromaarrow_forwardQ.1. Give Schematic representation of Photophosphorylation.arrow_forward
- 1.How does CO2 get into the tree and how does O2 get out of the tree? Which part of the plant is responsible for these gas movements?arrow_forwardIn an experiment conducted on photosynthesis-CO2 update and photosynthesis-Determining rate in white light. what gas will be produce as an product of photosynthesis and if present, what will this allow the leaf dice to do? Also, what will be the goal of photosynthesis, and how will it be different from the goal of cellular respiration?arrow_forwardQ36. The picture below shows a preparation of isolated thylakoid membranes suspended in a buffer at pH 8. The preparation is in complete darkness. Which of the following is required in order for the thylakoids to generate ATP? A. Addition of ADP and phosphate to the buffer. B. Incubation in the light plus ADP and phosphate. C. Incubation in the light plus addition of ADP, phosphate and NADP+. D. Isolated thylakoid membranes are not able to synthesize ATP.arrow_forward
- Q No 4. It is believed that in plants water absorption involves two important pathways.By what reasoning did someone come to this conclusion? Discuss.arrow_forwardDiscuss Concepts Concerns about global climate change and the greenhouse effect center on rising levels of greenhouse gases, including atmospheric carbon dioxide. Plants use CO for 2 photosynthesis, and laboratory studies suggest that increasedCO2 levels could cause a rise in photosynthetic activity. However, as one environmentalist noted, What plants do in environmental chambers may not happen in nature, where there are many other interacting variables. Strictly from the standpoint of physiological effects, what are some possible ramifications of a rapid doubling of atmospheric CO2 on plants in temperate environments? In arid environments?arrow_forwardPlease help! Photosynthesis and Cell respiration: A. What should happen to the O2 levels in a closed container containing a plant during the day? why? B. And what happens to the O2 levels during the night (no light)? Why?arrow_forward
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