Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 15, Problem 10RQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The different ways of maintaining anaerobic conditions for nitrogenase by microbes.
Introduction:
Nitrogen is necessary for life because it is one of the important constituents of proteins and amino acids. Nitrogen fixation is the process in which conversion of nitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH4+) takes place. It requires high energy as nitrogen is highly stable. This process is carried out by the enzyme known as nitrogenase.
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Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
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- Identify the two components of the nitrogenase complex and describe their specific tasks.arrow_forwardContrast an aerotolerant and an obligate anaerobe in terms of sensitivity to O2 and ability to grow in the presence of O2.arrow_forwardExplain why microorganisms differ in their pH requirements.arrow_forward
- What common substance inactivates nitrogenase enzyme by binding to its active site?arrow_forwardIdentify external sources of energy for microbial cells, and the forms of energy available within the cell. Describe different types of energy-requiring activities and how they are related to catabolism and biosynthesis.arrow_forwardDescribe the roles of glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, and transaminases in ammonia assimilation.arrow_forward
- Explain how it is possible for certain microbes to survive and grow in the presence of cyanide, which would kill many other organisms.arrow_forwardDescribe the mechanisms microbes use to maintain an internal neutral pH. Explain how extreme pH values might harm microbes.arrow_forwardTrace the fate of the N atom during dissimilatory nitrate reduction, nitrification, denitrification, and the anammox reaction, and indicate whether each must occur in an oxic or anoxic environmentarrow_forward
- Are all organisms with oxidative respitory pathways necessarily strict aerobes? Explain.arrow_forwardExplain why the maximum initial reaction rate cannot be reached at low substrate concentrations.arrow_forwardHow do microbes reduce the effects of oxygen toxicity? Explain how microbial growth patterns relate to oxygen toxicity.arrow_forward
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