Chapter 15, Problem 15.12P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given reaction has to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

Alkyl or aryl magnesium halides ($RMgX$) are known as Grignard reagent. The Grignard reaction is an organometallic chemical reaction in which the Grignard reagent act as nucleophile and attack electrophilic carbon atom that are present within polar bonds to yield a carbon-carbon bond.

Synthesis of Grignard reagent is shown below,

$\underset{Alkyl/arylhalide}{R-X}+Mg\stackrel{Ether}{\to }\underset{Grignardreagent}{RMgX}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given reaction has to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

Organocopper compounds: The Organocopper reagents react with alkyl, alkenyl and aryl halides to give alkylated product.

It is more selective and can be acetylated with acid chlorides without concomitant attack on ketons, alkyl halides and esters.

Addition Reaction:

• It is a type of reaction in which two reactants adding together to form a single product.
• It can be said as a reverse reaction of elimination reaction.
• It is a characteristic reaction of alkane.

Hydrogenation reaction is an addition reaction in which addition of hydrogen to an unsaturated molecule occurs

Nucleophiles: A nucleophile is a more reactant species that affords a pair of electrons to the electrophile or electrophilic center and forms a new covalent bond. The carbon or other hetero atom in a molecule which is bearing negative charge or lone pair of electron is called as nucleophiles.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given reaction has to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

Addition Reaction:

• It is a type of reaction in which two reactants adding together to form a single product.
• It can be said as a reverse reaction of elimination reaction.
• It is a characteristic reaction of alkane.

Hydrogenation reaction is an addition reaction in which addition of hydrogen to an unsaturated molecule occurs

Nucleophiles: A nucleophile is a more reactant species that affords a pair of electrons to the electrophile or electrophilic center and forms a new covalent bond. The carbon or other hetero atom in a molecule which is bearing negative charge or lone pair of electron is called as nucleophiles.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given reaction has to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

Organocopper compounds: The Organocopper reagents react with alkyl, alkenyl and aryl halides to give alkylated product.

It is more selective and can be acetylated with acid chlorides without concomitant attack on ketons, alkyl halides and esters.

Addition Reaction:

• It is a type of reaction in which two reactants adding together to form a single product.
• It can be said as a reverse reaction of elimination reaction.
• It is a characteristic reaction of alkane.

Hydrogenation reaction is an addition reaction in which addition of hydrogen to an unsaturated molecule occurs

Nucleophiles: A nucleophile is a more reactant species that affords a pair of electrons to the electrophile or electrophilic center and forms a new covalent bond. The carbon or other hetero atom in a molecule which is bearing negative charge or lone pair of electron is called as nucleophiles.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of the given reaction has to be completed.

Concept Introduction:

Organocopper compounds: The Organocopper reagents react with alkyl, alkenyl and aryl halides to give alkylated product.

It is more selective and can be acetylated with acid chlorides without concomitant attack on ketons, alkyl halides and esters.

Addition Reaction:

• It is a type of reaction in which two reactants adding together to form a single product.
• It can be said as a reverse reaction of elimination reaction.
• It is a characteristic reaction of alkane.

Hydrogenation reaction is an addition reaction in which addition of hydrogen to an unsaturated molecule occurs

Nucleophiles: A nucleophile is a more reactant species that affords a pair of electrons to the electrophile or electrophilic center and forms a new covalent bond. The carbon or other hetero atom in a molecule which is bearing negative charge or lone pair of electron is called as nucleophiles.