GENETICS(LL)-W/CONNECT >CUSTOM<
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781260571561
Author: HARTWELL
Publisher: MCG CUSTOM
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 15P
Why are severe mitochondrial or chloroplast gene mutations are usually found in heteroplasmic cells instead of homoplasmic cells?
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Chapter 15 Solutions
GENETICS(LL)-W/CONNECT >CUSTOM<
Ch. 15 - Match each numbered item with the most closely...Ch. 15 - Assuming human cells have on average 1000...Ch. 15 - Reverse translation is a term given to the process...Ch. 15 - The human nuclear genome encodes tRNAs with 32...Ch. 15 - The human mitochondrial genome includes no genes...Ch. 15 - How do you know if the halibut you purchased at...Ch. 15 - Is each of these statements true of chloroplast or...Ch. 15 - Suppose you are characterizing the DNA of a...Ch. 15 - An example of a gene-targeting DNA plasmid vector...Ch. 15 - Which of the following characteristics of...
Ch. 15 - The Saccharomyces cerevisiae nuclear gene ARG8...Ch. 15 - The so-called hypervariable regions HV1 and HV2 of...Ch. 15 - Suppose a new mutation arises in a mitochondrial...Ch. 15 - Describe at least two ways in which the...Ch. 15 - Why are severe mitochondrial or chloroplast gene...Ch. 15 - Suppose you are examining a newly found plant...Ch. 15 - A form of male sterility in corn is inherited...Ch. 15 - Plant breeders have long appreciated the...Ch. 15 - A mutant haploid strain of Saccharomyces...Ch. 15 - Prob. 20PCh. 15 - What characteristics in a human pedigree suggest a...Ch. 15 - The first person in the family represented by the...Ch. 15 - In 1988, neurologists in Australia reported the...Ch. 15 - If you were a genetic counselor and had a patient...Ch. 15 - Kearns-Sayre syndrome KSS, Pearson syndrome, and...Ch. 15 - Many clinically relevant mitochondrial diseases...Ch. 15 - Leigh syndrome is characterized by psychomotor...Ch. 15 - All mutations in mitochondrial genes ultimately...Ch. 15 - How could researchers have determined that the...
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- 99% of mitochondria are inherited from the mother. Mitochondria are thus primarily passed on from mother to offspring. Draw a pedigree showing a pattern that suggests a mitochondrial gene mutation. Explain step by step.arrow_forwardA woman has a rare, heritable defect in the bioenergetic function of her mitochondria. So did her father. If her husband does not have the trait, what can you predict from this?a) that the mutation is in the mitochondrial genomeb) that only her sons will have the disorderc) that only her daughters will have the disorderd) that none of her children will have the disordere) that the mutation is in the nuclear genomearrow_forwardAccording to the endosymbiosis theory, mitochondria and chloroplasts are derived from bacteria that took up residence withineukaryotic cells. At one time, prior to being taken up by eukaryoticcells, these bacteria were free-living organisms. However, we cannot take a mitochondrion or chloroplast out of a living eukaryoticcell and get it to survive and replicate on its own. Discuss why not.arrow_forward
- Humans and many other complex organisms are diploid, possessing two sets of genes, one inherited from the mother and one from the father. However, a number of eukaryotic organisms spend most of their life cycles in a haploid state. Many of these eukaryotes, such as Neurospora and yeast, still undergo meiosis and sexual reproduction, but most of the cells that make up the organism are haploid. Considering that haploid organisms are fully capable of sexual reproduction and generating genetic variation, why are most complex eukaryotes diploid? In other words, what might be the evolutionary advantage of existing in a diploid state instead of a haploid state? And why might a few organisms, such as Neurospora and yeast, exist as haploids?arrow_forwardWhat is the final result of mitosis in a human A) nearly genetically identical 2n somatic cells B) genetically different 2n somatic cells C) nearly genetically identical 1n somatic cells D) genetically identical 2n gamete cells Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) A single, replicated chromosome with sister chromatids has two centromeres. B) A single, unreplicated chromosome has two DNA molecules. C) Sister chromatids from a single chromosome are connected at the centromere. D) Homologous chromosomes are connected at the centromere. The first gap in the cell cycle (G1) corresponds to _____. A) normal growth and cell function B) the phase in which DNA is being replicated C) the beginning of mitosis D) the phase between DNA replication and the M phase In a diploid cell from a specific species has 5 chromosome pairs, how many sister chromatids will be found in a nucleus at prophase of mitosis? (Draw it!) A) 5 B) 10 C) 20 D) 40 Consider a cell from the species above.…arrow_forwardTo identify genes controlling the cell cycle in budding yeast, a genetic screen was carried out. In this screen, haploid yeast cells were exposed to a DNA damaging agent to introduce random mutations in the genome. By culturing cells at an elevated temperature (e.g. 37 degrees), where many mutated genes lose their function, scientists identified yeast mutants that showed growth defects and arrest at specific stages of the cell cycle (e.g. in mitosis with large buds). In this screen, mutants of the cyclin-dependent kinase were identified, but not mutants of cyclins. Explain the reason for this outcome.arrow_forward
- Most forms of cancer are caused by environmental agents that produce mutations in somatic cells. Is an individual with cancer considered a genetic mosaic? Explain why or why not.arrow_forwardWhat is a sister chromatid? Are sister chromatids genetically similar or identical? Explainarrow_forwardWhich of the following is true with respect to cyclins and CDKs? A) CDKs promote progression of the cell cycle, cyclins function to inhibit progression of the cell cycle B) CDKs are the checkpoints in the cell cycle, and when bound to cyclins, they stop progression of the cell cycle C) CDKs will only work to promote progression of the cell cycle when complexed with their designated cyclins D) CDKs are rarely expressed during a cell's cycle, unless cyclins are present to act as transcription factors .arrow_forward
- Consider the figure below showing how the concentration of four cyclins (comp A to comp D) vary throughout the cell cycle. Comp B Comp C Comp D Comp A G1 Phase S Phase G2 Phase Mitosis i) Why does the concentration of different cyclins vary throughout the cell cycle? ií) which of the four cyclins shown represents the G1 cyclin? What is the function of this cyclin? Concentrationarrow_forward1). A diploid somatic cell from a dog (Canis lupus familiaris) has a total of 78 chromosomes (2n = 78). As in humans, sex chromosomes determine sex: XX in females and XY in males. a) What is the total number of DNA molecules in G2 of the cell cycle? b) What is the total number of sister chromatids during prometaphase? c) What is the total number of telomeres in a somatic dog cell in G1? d) What is the total number of autosomes?arrow_forwardThe interphase is the part of the eukaryotic cell cycle that is most transcriptionally active. Gene regulation during this phase involves changes in the chromatin. a) What is chromatin? b) How can the chromatin structure change?arrow_forward
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