GENETICS(LL)-W/CONNECT >CUSTOM<
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781260571561
Author: HARTWELL
Publisher: MCG CUSTOM
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Chapter 15, Problem 29P
How could researchers have determined that the rhesus monkeys Mito and Tracker (see Fig. 15.19) were devoid of the mitochondrial DNA from their nuclear donor mother?
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Antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and erythromycin inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria, but have no effect on the synthesis of proteins encoded by eukaryotic nuclear genes. Cycloheximide inhibits the synthesis of proteins encoded by nuclear genes, but has no effect on bacterial protein synthesis. How might these compounds be used to determine which proteins are encoded by mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes?
Antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and erythromycin inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria, but have no effect on the synthesis of proteins encoded by eukaryotic nuclear genes. Cycloheximide inhibits the synthesis of proteins encoded by nuclear genes, but has no effect on bacterial protein synthesis. How might these compounds be used to determine which proteins are encoded by mitochondrial and chloroplastgenomes?CHALLENGE QUESTI
A mitochondrial transfer technique may offer a potential solution for women with mtDNA-based diseases to have healthy children.This technique works by replacing the damaged mitochondria in the mother’s egg with healthy mitochondria from another woman’s donor egg. Based on what you know about the importance of nuclear gene products to mitochondrial functions, will this technique ensure that children will not inherit or develop a mtDNA-based diseases?
Chapter 15 Solutions
GENETICS(LL)-W/CONNECT >CUSTOM<
Ch. 15 - Match each numbered item with the most closely...Ch. 15 - Assuming human cells have on average 1000...Ch. 15 - Reverse translation is a term given to the process...Ch. 15 - The human nuclear genome encodes tRNAs with 32...Ch. 15 - The human mitochondrial genome includes no genes...Ch. 15 - How do you know if the halibut you purchased at...Ch. 15 - Is each of these statements true of chloroplast or...Ch. 15 - Suppose you are characterizing the DNA of a...Ch. 15 - An example of a gene-targeting DNA plasmid vector...Ch. 15 - Which of the following characteristics of...
Ch. 15 - The Saccharomyces cerevisiae nuclear gene ARG8...Ch. 15 - The so-called hypervariable regions HV1 and HV2 of...Ch. 15 - Suppose a new mutation arises in a mitochondrial...Ch. 15 - Describe at least two ways in which the...Ch. 15 - Why are severe mitochondrial or chloroplast gene...Ch. 15 - Suppose you are examining a newly found plant...Ch. 15 - A form of male sterility in corn is inherited...Ch. 15 - Plant breeders have long appreciated the...Ch. 15 - A mutant haploid strain of Saccharomyces...Ch. 15 - Prob. 20PCh. 15 - What characteristics in a human pedigree suggest a...Ch. 15 - The first person in the family represented by the...Ch. 15 - In 1988, neurologists in Australia reported the...Ch. 15 - If you were a genetic counselor and had a patient...Ch. 15 - Kearns-Sayre syndrome KSS, Pearson syndrome, and...Ch. 15 - Many clinically relevant mitochondrial diseases...Ch. 15 - Leigh syndrome is characterized by psychomotor...Ch. 15 - All mutations in mitochondrial genes ultimately...Ch. 15 - How could researchers have determined that the...
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- Drosophila melanogaster has which four linkage groups?arrow_forwardHow many copies of mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene are integrated in Human chromosomal DNA ?arrow_forwardTo understand the genetic basis of locomotion in the diploid nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, recessive mutations were obtained, all making the worm “wiggle” ineffectually instead of moving with its usual smooth gliding motion. These mutations presumably affect the nervous or muscle systems. Twelve homozygous mutants were intercrossed, and the F1 hybrids were examined to see if they wiggled. The results were as follows, where a plus sign means that the F1 hybrid was wild type (gliding) and “w” means that the hybrid wiggled.a. Explain what this experiment was designed to test. b. Use this reasoning to assign genotypes to all 12 mutants. c. Explain why the phenotype of the F1 hybrids between mutants 1 and 2 differed from that of the hybrids between mutants 1 and 5arrow_forward
- 99% of mitochondria are inherited from the mother. Mitochondria are thus primarily passed on from mother to offspring. Draw a pedigree showing a pattern that suggests a mitochondrial gene mutation. Explain step by step.arrow_forwardExplain the likely evolutionary origin of mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes. How have the sizes of the mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes changed since their origin? How has thisoccurred?arrow_forwardWhat are the steps in the life of a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial precursorarrow_forward
- The mitochondrial genome of Chlamydomonas contains the lowest number of genes, 12, of all the species of green algae. However, only 7 proteins are produced inside these mitochondria. Which of the following statements is the best explanation for why only 7 proteins are made from the 12 genes In Chlamydomonas mitochondria? OA Five of the genes are redundant; another copy is expressed from the nuclear genome.. OB. Five of the genes are nonfunctional "pseudogenes". OC Five of the genes are transcribed, but not translated. OD. Five of the genes are coding for proteins that are translated in the cytoplasm. Reset Selectionarrow_forwardLet's say that an experiment resulted in the production of several unattached kinetochores. What effect, if any, would this have on (i) the duration (length) of the mitotic phase, (ii) the timing of cyclin B’s appearance or disappearance, and (iii) the period of time for which MPF is active? Briefly explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardGene A, which encodes alcohol dehydrogenase, is labeled with a red fluorophore in a FISH experiment with one chromosome of a homologous pair, with results shown below. Gene B is labeled in green and encodes Notch2NL, a gene which may help to explain brain size differences between humans and chimpanzees, and which with increased dosage, may lead to a condition referred to as macrocephaly (enlarged head circumference sometimes associated with learning disabilities). What can you infer about these two genes given the results seen below?arrow_forward
- Discuss the structure and organization of the mitochondrial andchloroplast genomes. How large are they, how many genes do theycontain, and how many copies of the genome are found in eachorganelle?arrow_forwardEnumerate at least three genetic diseases whose genes lie in the mitochondria and are thus maternally inherited Why are mtDNAs more vulnerable to muttion than nuclear DNA What is heteroplasmy? Is it unique only to mitochondria?arrow_forwardLet's say that an experiment had no disruption to kinetochores and you are able to inactivate the CDC 14 phosphatase, which acts to remove phosphate groups from substrates that were previously phosphorylated by active MPF. What effect, if any, would this have on (i) the duration (length) of the mitotic phase, (ii) the timing of cyclin B’s appearance or disappearance, and (iii) the period of time for which MPF is active? Briefly explain your reasoningarrow_forward
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Mitochondrial mutations; Author: Useful Genetics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvgXe-3RJeU;License: CC-BY