Concept explainers
a.
To define: The term “perfusion” and explain its significance in relation to cardiovascular physiology.
Introduction: Living organisms needs different systems that are properly functioning for a healthy living. Cardiovascular system is one such very important system that is required by living organisms. Defects in any part of the cardiovascular system can cause different types of disease.
b.
To define: The term “colloid osmotic pressure” and explain its significance in relation to cardiovascular physiology.
Introduction: Cardiovascular is one of the most important systems in humans. Comprised of heart, blood, and blood vessels, this system is important for transport of oxygen and other nutrients to all the cells in the body.
c.
To define: The term “vasoconstriction” and explain its significance in relation to cardiovascular physiology.
Introduction: Cardiovascular system is important for transport of different nutrients through the body. blood carries oxygen and other nutrients to different cells in the body. changes or improper functioning of any part of cardiovascular system causes different health issues.
d.
To define: The term “angiogenesis” and explain its significance in relation to cardiovascular physiology.
Introduction: Cardiovascular system comprises of solid functioning heart along with liquid connective tissue called blood. Hormones, oxygen and other important nutrients are transported to every cell of the body through the cardiovascular system.
e.
To define: The term “metarterioles” and explain its significance in relation to cardiovascular physiology.
Introduction: The cardiovascular system includes blood, blood vessels, and heart. the most important function of cardiovascular system is transportation of important gases such as oxygen and hormones along with nutrients throughout the body.
f.
To define: The term “pericytes” and explain its significance in relation to cardiovascular physiology.
Introduction:. Transportation of gases like oxygen and hormones is done by the cardiovascuklar system. The cardiovascular system is made up of the blood, blood vessels, and the heart. this system also collects waste material from all over the body and filters it in the kidneys.
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EBK HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
- A patient suffering from hypertension may receive drugs that decrease the hearts output, dilate arterioles, or increase urine production. In each case, how would the drug treatment help relieve hypertension?arrow_forwardAll of the followings are incorrect, except ---------------------.A. The mean blood pressure increases with distance from the heart.B. The linear rate of blood flow is proportional to total cross-sectional area.C. The highest blood velocity occurs at the capillaries. D. Most capillaries consist of a single layer of endothelial cells E. Filtration occurs in venous capillariearrow_forwardSelect ALL of the following that are TRUE about the venous end of a capillary bed: Group of answer choices A. Reabsorption is occurring B. Hydrostatic pressure is pushing plasma out of the capillary C. Blood Colloid Osmotic Pressure < Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure D. Filtration is occurring E. Proteins are pulling fluids into the capillary F. Net Filtration Pressure is negative G. Blood Colloid Osmotic Pressure > Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure H. Net Filtration Pressure is positivearrow_forward
- All the following statements regarding premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) are true except: a. Occasional PVCs may occur in persons without heart disease b. Bursts of two or more PVCs in a row may progress rapidly to ventricular tachycardia €. APVC that falls on or near a T wave may cause ventricular fibrillation d. Frequent PVCs in a patient without heart disease require no treatmentarrow_forwardThe delivery of blood by the left ventricle into the sorta is intermittent, whereas blood flow in the peripheral circulation is usually continuous. Which of the following best explains this difference? A. Arteries contain more elastic tissue than veins . B Capillary walls contain little elastic or muscular tissue . C. Continuous flow is needed to meet metabolic requirements. D. Passive recoil of the arteries delivers blood to the periphery during diastole E . Rhythmic contractions of arterial smooth muscie increase the diastolic pressure to above zeroarrow_forwardWhich of the following is a result of their condition?arrow_forward
- Select the FALSE statement: /////////////////www. OA) This abnormal ECG results in increased stroke volume O B) In this abnormal ECG, the ventricles are not stimulated to contract by the SA node, the natural pacemaker. of the heart O C) This abnormal ECG is compatible with life so far as the individual does not engage in strenuous activities OD) This abnormal ECG results in decreased in CO OE) None of the abovearrow_forwardProminent effect of the cardiovascular system in patient with hypercortisolism is:A. HypertensionB. Bacterial endocarditisC. Bundle-branch blockD. Sinus bradycardiaE. Respiratory arrhythmiaarrow_forwardWhich of the following is/are true concerning the opening and closing of the cardiac valves? A. valves operate according to the pressures on either side of the valve B. valve operation is constantly being controlled by the medulla oblongata C. valve operation is determined directly by the cardiac action potential (electrical currents control the opening and closing of the valves.) D. valve operation is directly controlled by the papillary muscles within the ventricular wall. E. None of the above is correct.arrow_forward
- Within the T-P interval of the EKG... a. The 2nd heart sound is heard b. the semilunar valves are open c. Ventricular pressure is higher than atrial pressure d. Ventricular cardiomyocytes are relaxed e. L-type calcium current is dominant in the ventricular cardiomyocytesarrow_forwardIt is generally accepted that a relatively low diastolic vascular pressure is more important than a relatively low systolic vascular pressure because: A. diastolic vascular pressure is the pressure that determines the length of diastole. B. diastolic vascular pressure directly determines stroke volume. C. diastolic vascular pressure ultimately determines and controls contractility. D. diastolic vascular pressure is a force the heart must compete with to open the aortic valve. E. None of the above is correct.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true about the SA (sinoatrial) node? a. The action potential created by the pacemaker cells of the SA node directly stimulates the contractile cells of both the atria and ventricles. b. The rate of spontaneous depolarization of nodal cells is the fastest in the SA node. c. Pacemaker cells in the SA node form a pathway between the SA and AV nodes. d. The pacemaker cells, which establish the heart rate, are located only in the SA node.arrow_forward
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