EBK HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780133983401
Author: Silverthorn
Publisher: YUZU
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Chapter 15, Problem 5RQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction: The heart is an important organ that helps in the pumping of blood to various parts of the body. The blood pressure can be defined as the pressure at which the blood circulates in the body.
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Of the ions that affect heart action, the most important are ions of calcium and ________________________.
The standard EKG consists of 10 sensors that record 12 leads of the heart’s electrical activity from different angles, allowing for a thorough three-dimensional interpretation of its activity. This is transmitted by the electrodes to the equipment to be interpreted and is used to diagnose cardiac medical conditions. In case of an abnormal EKG, the second step would be to use a Holter monitor.
How would you explain to your classmates how to perform an EKG (steps)?
Where will you place the electrodes when performing and EKG? Why?
What are the different lead types, connections, and placements?
When you conclude an EKG, what are the different components that you need to observe and confirm before you disconnect the patient? Can you explain the difference between normal, abnormal, and artifacts?
What is a Holter monitor? Under what circumstances would one be ordered for a patient?
How do you use a Holter monitor?
Educate a patient: What you will do before, during, and after an…
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a rapid and unorganized beating of the upper chambers of the heart. It is generally not life-threatening in the short term, but it dramatically impacts how a patient feels, and it can have bad consequences in the long term. One of those “bad consequences” is stroke, caused by blood clots that can form in the atria when they are “fibrillating” for long periods of time, and the clots subsequently flow to the brain. We are now planning a study to see whether a new therapy (perhaps cryoablation plus a new drug) is better than a control therapy (perhaps cryotherapy plus an old drug) at preventing stroke or death. Our primary endpoint will be a composite of stroke or all-cause mortality, and we will structure this as a time-to-event analysis.
We think the new therapy will lead to a reduction in risk of 40% (that is, a hazard ratio of 0.60). How many events must we observe (combined across both therapy groups) in order to have 95% power to detect a reduction…
Chapter 15 Solutions
EBK HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
Ch. 15 - Would you expect to find valves in the veins...Ch. 15 - Prob. 2CCCh. 15 - Who has the higher pulse pressure, someone with...Ch. 15 - The formula given for calculating MAP applies to a...Ch. 15 - Prob. 5CCCh. 15 - Resistance to blood flow is determined primarily...Ch. 15 - Prob. 7CCCh. 15 - Prob. 8CCCh. 15 - Skeletal muscle arterioles have both - and...Ch. 15 - Prob. 10CC
Ch. 15 - Prob. 11CCCh. 15 - Prob. 12CCCh. 15 - In the classic movie Jurassic Park, Dr. Ian...Ch. 15 - A man with liver disease loses the ability to...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15CCCh. 15 - Prob. 16CCCh. 15 - Malnourished children who have inadequate protein...Ch. 15 - Prob. 1RQCh. 15 - Prob. 2RQCh. 15 - Prob. 3RQCh. 15 - Prob. 4RQCh. 15 - Prob. 5RQCh. 15 - Prob. 6RQCh. 15 - List the factors that aid venous return to the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 8RQCh. 15 - Prob. 9RQCh. 15 - Prob. 10RQCh. 15 - Prob. 11RQCh. 15 - Most systemic arterioles are innervated by the...Ch. 15 - Match each event in the left column with all...Ch. 15 - Which organs receive more than two-thirds of the...Ch. 15 - By looking at the density of capillaries in a...Ch. 15 - Prob. 16RQCh. 15 - Prob. 17RQCh. 15 - Define edema. List some ways in which it can...Ch. 15 - Prob. 19RQCh. 15 - Prob. 20RQCh. 15 - Calcium channel blockers prevent Ca2+ movement...Ch. 15 - Prob. 22RQCh. 15 - Prob. 23RQCh. 15 - Define myogenic autoregulation. What mechanisms...Ch. 15 - Left ventricular failure may be accompanied by...Ch. 15 - Robert is a 52-year-old nonsmoker. He weighs 180...Ch. 15 - The following figure is a schematic representation...Ch. 15 - Prob. 28RQCh. 15 - Draw a reflex map that explains Anthonys vasovagal...Ch. 15 - Prob. 30RQCh. 15 - Prob. 31RQCh. 15 - Prob. 32RQCh. 15 - Prob. 33RQCh. 15 - Prob. 34RQCh. 15 - Prob. 35RQCh. 15 - Prob. 36RQCh. 15 - Prob. 37RQCh. 15 - Prob. 38RQ
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- Lower-than-normal blood pressure is called _______________________.arrow_forwardRoberto’s doctor orders several tests of his heart function, including “ejection fraction.” Briefly explain what an ejection fraction measures. (Include what a normal measurement would be.)arrow_forwardA normal patient has an ECG monitor attached to him/her as he/she starts exercises at the gym. The ECG recording shows a significant increase in heart rate to 220 beats/min after 20 minutes of strenuous exercise. What are the consequences and why? To answer this, be sure to address blood flow through the heart and what is happening to the blood flow, electrical impulses and pressures during each phase of the ECG (p,q,r,s,t).arrow_forward
- Which represents time for the passage of the electrical impulse through the atrium, causing atrial depolarization. Which represents time for depolarization of both ventricles. Which represents time for ventricular repolarization. Which represents the time taken for the entire electrical depolarization and repolarization of the ventricles. ["QRS complex", "T wave", "P wave" , "P-R interval", "QRS interval", "ST segment", "QT interval"arrow_forwardOutline the flow of the electrical impulse through the conduction system of the heart by choosing the correct sequence from the drop-down menusFill the slots with the terms provided (A) leads to (B) leads to (C) leads to (D) leads to (E) Terms to use: Purkinje fibers SA node AV node and atrial contractile cells Ventricular and contractile cells right and left bundle branchesarrow_forwardUse a flowchart to illustrate blood flow through systemic and pulmonary circulation, starting from the aorta and making one complete cycle. Include the following in your answer: atrioventricular valves, semilunar valves, heart chambers, all blood vessels. Indicate when blood is oxygen rich or oxygen poor at each stage of your flowchart.arrow_forward
- The events of the cardiac cycle cause cyclical changes in left ventricular pressure and volume over time. Another way to represent these events is with a pressure-volume loop, as shown below. Drag the labels from the left into the appropriate boxes on the pressure- volume loop to demonstrate your understanding of the cardiac cycle. Aortic valve closure AV valve opening Systolic pressure Isovolumetric relaxation Isovolumetric contraction 120 Diastolic pressure Ventricular filling 80 End-diastolic volume Ventricular ejection 40 AV valve closure End-systolic volume Aortic valve opening 60 120 LV volume (mL) O McGraw-Hill Education Reset LV pressure (mm Hg)arrow_forwardSelect the best answer or answers from the choices given: In the heart, which of the following apply? (1) Action potentials are conducted from cell to cell across the myocardium via gap junctions, (2) the SA node sets the pace for the heart as a whole, (3) spontaneous depolarization of cardiac cells can occur in the absence of nerve stimulation, (4) cardiac muscle can continue tocontract for long periods in the absence of oxygen. (a) all of the above, (b) 1, 3, 4, (c) 1, 2, 3, (d) 2, 3.arrow_forwardDetermine whether the statement is either true or false. To clearly hear the heart sound of the bicuspid valve, a stethoscope should be placed to the left of the sternum at the second intercostal space. At late diastole, the atria and ventricles are relaxed and the aortic semilunar valve is open. During ventricular contraction all the blood is forced out of the ventricles.arrow_forward
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