(a)
Interpretation:
The affect of the decreasing amount of
Concept introduction:
A
(b)
Interpretation:
The effect of the decreasing concentration of
Concept introduction:
A thermodynamic potential that is utilized in the calculation of the highest reversible function taking place in the thermodynamic system at the constant value pressure and temperature is known as Gibbs-free energy. It is denoted by
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Biochemistry
- kcat = ? an enzyme has an aspartic acid in the active site with a pKa = 4.0 and the kcat for this enzyme is directly proportional to the fraction of this side chain that is ionized. If the kcat at pH = 4.0 is 52.9x103 s-1 what is the kcat for this enzymes at pH 3.5arrow_forward9Calculate the total amount of ATP that is produced by the complete oxidation of a 20 carbon even-chain saturated fatty acid. Include the number of each cycle required, describe each stage involved, and list the number of ATP that correspond with each stage.arrow_forwardSaccharides: Using the following substrates, estimate the net ATP yield after glycolytic pathway, Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain. Assume that the estimate for ATP yield per mole of NADH is 3 moles of ATP, while 1 mole of FADH2 is equivalent to 2 moles of ATP, and one mole of GTP is equivalent to one mole of ATP. Show all pertinent solutions and determine: a) ATP used, b) ATP produced, and c) Net ATP. Based on your solutions, rank the substrates based on increasing yield of ATP 1. Three moles of glucose-6-phosphatearrow_forward
- Saccharides: Using the following substrates, estimate the net ATP yield after glycolytic pathway, Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain. Assume that the estimate for ATP yield per mole of NADH is 3 moles of ATP, while 1 mole of FADH2 is equivalent to 2 moles of ATP, and one mole of GTP is equivalent to one mole of ATP. Show all pertinent solutions and determine: a) ATP used, b) ATP produced, and c) Net ATP. Based on your solutions, rank the substrates based on increasing yield of ATP 1. Three moles of glucose-6-phosphate 2. Four moles of pyruvic acidarrow_forwardSaccharides: Using the following substrates, estimate the net ATP yield after glycolytic pathway, Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain. Assume that the estimate for ATP yield per mole of NADH is 3 moles of ATP, while 1 mole of FADH2 is equivalent to 2 moles of ATP, and one mole of GTP is equivalent to one mole of ATP. Show all pertinent solutions and determine: a) ATP used, b) ATP produced, and c) Net ATP. Based on your solutions, rank the substrates based on increasing yield of ATP Five moles of Acetyl coenzyme Aarrow_forward1- ATP consider as an important molecule in metabolism, because : A) It is one of the four building blocks for DNA synthesis.B) It provides energy coupling between exergonic and endergonic reactions.C) Its terminal phosphate group contains a strong covalent bond that, when hydrolyzed, releases free energy.D) Its hydrolysis provides an input of free energy for exergonic reactions.E) Its terminal phosphate bond has higher energy than the other two. 2- How many ATP yield from complete oxidation of glucose to carbon dioxide and water: A) 38 B) 32C) 2D) 8E)24arrow_forward
- Write balanced biochemical equations for all the reactions in the catabolism of glucose to two molecules of pyruvate (the preparatory & payoff phase of glycolysis), including the standard free-energy change ΔG for each reaction. Then write the overall or net equation of glycolysis, with the net standard free-energy change when one molecule of glucose is converted into 2 molecules of pyruvate.arrow_forward4. a. Calculate the KM (Michaelis constant) and the vmax (the maximum initial rate) for both substrates (sphingosine and ATP). Show your work, and be careful about units. b. threo-dihydrosphingosine, a stereoisomer of sphingosine, is an inhibitor of sphingosine kinase. What kind of inhibitor (competitive, uncompetitive, noncompetitive) is threo-dihydrosphingosine? Citing information from the Lineweaver-Burke plots, explain how you can tell.arrow_forwardWhy bother to eat? What are the three primary uses for cellular energy?arrow_forward
- Hello, For the image included: A) Which of the following statements are true of the malate dehydrogenase reaction in biochemical standard conditions? Choose all that apply. Group of answer choices: The reaction is spontaneous since ∆G°' is positive The reaction is spontaneous since ∆G°' is negative The reaction is not spontaneous since ∆G°' is positive The reaction is not spontaneous since ∆G°' is positive The equilibrium favors products since K is greater than 1 The equilibrium favors reactants since K is greater than 1 The equilibrium favors products since K is less than 1 The equilibrium favors reactants since K is less than 1 The reaction is always at equilibrium B) If the concentration of oxaloacetate is 107 times lower than the concentration of malate. Is the reaction spontaneous? Assume biochemical standard conditions. Group of answer choices No, because RTlnQ is very positive Yes, because RTlnQ is very positive No, because RTlnQ is very…arrow_forwardWrite balanced biochemical equations for all the reactions in the catabolism of glucose to two molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (the preparatory phase of glycolysis), including the standard free-energy change for each reaction. Then write the overall or net equation for the preparatory phase of glycolysis, with the net standard free-energy change.arrow_forwardGlycerophospholipids Phosphatidylethanolamine 2. Calculate the net ATP yield per fatty acid after complete oxidation. Show your solution using a table of pathways, reducing equivalents, and ATParrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning