(II) Seismic reflection prospecting is commonly used to map deeply buried formations containing oil. In this technique, a seismic wave generated on the Earth’s surface (for example, by an explosion or falling weight) reflects from the subsurface formation and is detected upon its return to ground level. By placing ground-level detectors at a variety of locations relative to the source, and observing the variation in the source-to-detector travel limes, the depth of the subsurface formation can be determined. ( a ) Assume a ground-level detector is placed a distance x away from a seismic-wave source and that a horizontal boundary between overlying rock and a subsurface formation exists at depth D (Fig. 15–35a). Determine an expression for the time t taken by the reflected wave to travel from source to detector, assuming the seismic wave propagates at constant speed v. ( b ) Suppose several detectors are placed along a line at different distances x from the source as in Fig. 15–35b. Then, when a seismic wave is generated, the different travel times t for each detector are measured. Starting with your result from part ( a ), explain how a graph of t 2 vs. x 2 can be used to determine D.
(II) Seismic reflection prospecting is commonly used to map deeply buried formations containing oil. In this technique, a seismic wave generated on the Earth’s surface (for example, by an explosion or falling weight) reflects from the subsurface formation and is detected upon its return to ground level. By placing ground-level detectors at a variety of locations relative to the source, and observing the variation in the source-to-detector travel limes, the depth of the subsurface formation can be determined. ( a ) Assume a ground-level detector is placed a distance x away from a seismic-wave source and that a horizontal boundary between overlying rock and a subsurface formation exists at depth D (Fig. 15–35a). Determine an expression for the time t taken by the reflected wave to travel from source to detector, assuming the seismic wave propagates at constant speed v. ( b ) Suppose several detectors are placed along a line at different distances x from the source as in Fig. 15–35b. Then, when a seismic wave is generated, the different travel times t for each detector are measured. Starting with your result from part ( a ), explain how a graph of t 2 vs. x 2 can be used to determine D.
(II) Seismic reflection prospecting is commonly used to map deeply buried formations containing oil. In this technique, a seismic wave generated on the Earth’s surface (for example, by an explosion or falling weight) reflects from the subsurface formation and is detected upon its return to ground level. By placing ground-level detectors at a variety of locations relative to the source, and observing the variation in the source-to-detector travel limes, the depth of the subsurface formation can be determined. (a) Assume a ground-level detector is placed a distance x away from a seismic-wave source and that a horizontal boundary between overlying rock and a subsurface formation exists at depth D (Fig. 15–35a). Determine an expression for the time t taken by the reflected wave to travel from source to detector, assuming the seismic wave propagates at constant speed v. (b) Suppose several detectors are placed along a line at different distances x from the source as in Fig. 15–35b. Then, when a seismic wave is generated, the different travel times t for each detector are measured. Starting with your result from part (a), explain how a graph of t2 vs. x2 can be used to determine D.
(f)
You can estimate the distance to an object by viewing it with your both eyes. What
is the technical equivalent to that process - name it and give an example. Describe
the underlying mathematical principle, make a sketch with the relevant parameters to
calculate the distance and write down the equation.
An alternative principle uses the time of arrival of a reflected signal at a detector. Such
an optical instrument has been used to measure the distance to the moon. Name the
components of this moon-distance measurement and what values are required to get
the measurement.
(iii)
A retroreflector is a device or surface that reflects radiation back to its
source with minimum scattering. It has broad applications. (a) Sketch its
structure and explain how it works. (b) How was it used to measure the
distance between earth and moon?
(iv)
A laser beam having a diameter D in air strikes a piece of glass (n-) at an
-In one of geophysical survey the following sections were obtained, for any geophysical
methods these sections are represented? for your opinion, which sections have high
Reflection Continuity? and what's your explanation for this phenomenon? . ..
A
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