Concept explainers
We have a new patient to consider today. Mr. Gutteman, a 70-year-old male, was brought into the ER in a comatose state and has yet to come out of it. It is obvious that he suffered severe head trauma-his scalp was badly lacerated, and he has an impacted skull fracture. His initial lab tests (blood and urine) were within normal limits. His fracture was repaired and the following orders (and others) were given:
Check qh (every hour) and record: spontaneous behavior, level of responsiveness to stimulation, movements, pupil size and reaction to light, speech, and vital signs.
Turn patient q4h and maintain meticulous skin care and dryness.
Mr. Gutteman is found to be losing huge amounts of water in urine and the volume lost is being routinely replaced (via IV line). Mr. Gutteman’s blood and urine tests are negative for glucose and
Relative to these findings:
Is it life threatening? (Explain your answer.)
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EBK ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
- Norepinephrine and epinephrine increase neuron activity in the brain. This is likely directly contributing to which of the patient's symptoms? A) Increased anxiety and panic attacks B) Facial pallor C) Abdominal pain D) Palpitations (increased heart rate)arrow_forwardMary Brown [MB] is a healthy 36-year-old woman with complaints of persistent generalized fatigue. At her annual checkup, her vital signs: heart rate (HR), 118 beats/min; blood pressure (BP), 110/60 mm Hg; oral temperature, 37°C; and respiratory rate (RR), 26 breaths/min. Her skin, conjunctiva and nail beds are pale. Laboratory results: hematocrit (Hct), 27%; hemoglobin (Hb), 9 g/dL and hypochromatic red blood cells (RBCs) are present. What other history data would be helpful in determining the cause of this disorder?arrow_forwardMary Brown [MB] is a healthy 36-year-old woman with complaints of persistent generalized fatigue. At her annual checkup, her vital signs: heart rate (HR), 118 beats/min; blood pressure (BP), 110/60 mm Hg; oral temperature, 37°C; and respiratory rate (RR), 26 breaths/min. Her skin, conjunctiva and nail beds are pale. Laboratory results: hematocrit (Hct), 27%; hemoglobin (Hb), 9 g/dL and hypochromatic red blood cells (RBCs) are present. Which of MB’s clinical signs are reflective of the body’s effort to compensate for the decreased oxygen carrying capacity seen with this condition?arrow_forward
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- Your friend is complaining about recurrent pain in her leg. Her doctor ordered an xray to rule out a fracture. He is concerned that she may have a more serious condition, such as a tumor. Which of the following tests should she have? a) pet scan b) MRI C) CT Scan d) none of the abovearrow_forwardRalph , is 5 months post congestive heart failure (CHF), he is... Ralph , is 5 months post congestive heart failure (CHF), he is confined to a wheel chair due to advanced peripheral neuropathy and foot drop. His care is managed at home by a family nurse practitioner (FNP) who visits once a week and as necessary. On one of her visits, the FNP notes that Ralph has developed a Grade 3 sacral decubitus ulcer, lower extremity edema, and dyspnea while sitting. He is also confused and not oriented to person, place or time. Questions 1. 2. What risk factors for tissue break down are present? Explain in detail, the cellular changes that led to the sacral decubitus, now with necrotic dermal tissue. (Hint: the etiology and pathogenesis of the ulcer from injury to cellular death)arrow_forwardMs. Ibrahim, 72, fell in the hall and injured her right leg. She needs to be transported by wheelchair to the X-ray department. You are assigned to get her ready to go. How will you prepare Ms. Ibrahim for the transfer? What will you tell her? What clothing should she wear?arrow_forward
- Scenario: A 55-year-old woman with a history of hypertension complains of sudden onset severe headache, blurred vision, and difficulty speaking. She takes medication for her blood pressure but has been non-compliant recently. Options: A) Migraine B) Stroke C) Brain tumor D) Hypertensive crisisarrow_forward] Mr. X, aged 85, was recently diagnosed with a particular type of brain tumor and was referred to Dr. Y, chief of surgery at the nearby university hospital, for further evaluation. This type of tumor is benign in 60% of cases and is malignant in the other 40% of cases. Mr. X’s remaining lifetime will depend on the type of tumor (benign or malignant) and on the decision whether or not to remove the tumor. The table below shows the estimates of Mr. X’s remaining lifetime according to the most up-to-date information known about this type of tumor. Tumor Leave tumor Remove tumor Benign 8 5 Malignant 1 5 Dr. Y could perform exploratory surgery before deciding whether or not to remove the tumor to assess the status of the tumor better. Exploratory surgery indicates a benign tumor 75% of the time if the tumor is indeed benign. The surgery is known to indicate a malignant tumor 65% of the time if the tumor is indeed malignant. Exploratory surgery itself is dangerous: there is a 5% chance…arrow_forward76. The nurse is administering an antiepileptic drug and will follow which guidelines? (Select all that apply.)a) Monitor the patient for drowsiness.b )Medications may be stopped if seizure activity disappears.c) Give the medication at the same time every day.d) Give the medication on an empty stomach.e) Notify the prescriber if the patient is unable to take the medication.?;arrow_forward