College Physics
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168048
Author: Paul Peter Urone, OpenStax, Roger Hinrichs
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 53PE
What is the decrease in entropy of 25.0 g of water that condenses on a bathroom mirror at a temperature of
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Chapter 15 Solutions
College Physics
Ch. 15 - Describe the photo of the tea kettle at the...Ch. 15 - The first law of thermodynamics and the...Ch. 15 - Heat transfer Q and work done W are always energy...Ch. 15 - How do heat transfer and internal energy differ?...Ch. 15 - If you run down some stairs and stop, what happens...Ch. 15 - Give an explanation of how food energy (calories)...Ch. 15 - Identify the type of energy transferred to your...Ch. 15 - A great deal of effort time, and money has been...Ch. 15 - One method of converting heat transfer to doing...Ch. 15 - Would the previous question make any sense for an...
Ch. 15 - We ordinarily say that U=0 for an isothermal...Ch. 15 - The temperature of a rapidly expanding gas...Ch. 15 - Which cyclical process represented by the two...Ch. 15 - A real process may be nearly adiabatic if it...Ch. 15 - It is unlikely that a process can be isothermal...Ch. 15 - Imagine you are driving a car up Pike’s Peak in...Ch. 15 - Is a temperature difference necessary to operate a...Ch. 15 - Definitions of efficiency vary depending on how...Ch. 15 - Whyother than the fact that the second law of...Ch. 15 - Think about the drinking bird at the beginning of...Ch. 15 - Can improved engineering and materials be employed...Ch. 15 - Does the second law of thermodynamics alter the...Ch. 15 - Explain why heat pumps do not work as well in very...Ch. 15 - In some Northern European nations, homes are being...Ch. 15 - Why do refrigerators, air conditioners, and heat...Ch. 15 - Grocery store managers contend that there is less...Ch. 15 - Can you cool a kitchen by leaving the refrigerator...Ch. 15 - A woman shuts her summer cottage up in September...Ch. 15 - Consider a system with a certain energy content,...Ch. 15 - Does a gas become more orderly when it liquefies?...Ch. 15 - Explain how water’s entropy can decrease when it...Ch. 15 - Is a uniform-temperature gas more or less orderly...Ch. 15 - Give an example of a spontaneous process in which...Ch. 15 - What is the change in entropy in an adiabatic...Ch. 15 - Does the entropy at a star increase or decrease as...Ch. 15 - Explain why a building made of bricks has smaller...Ch. 15 - Explain why a building made of bricks has smaller...Ch. 15 - What is the change in internal energy of a car if...Ch. 15 - How much heat transfer occurs from a system, if...Ch. 15 - A system does 1.80108J of work while 7.50108J of...Ch. 15 - What is the change in internal energy of a system...Ch. 15 - Suppose a woman does 500 J of work and 9500 J of...Ch. 15 - (a) How much food energy will a man metabolize in...Ch. 15 - (a) What is the average metabolic rate in watts of...Ch. 15 - (a) How long will the energy in a 1470kJ (350kcal)...Ch. 15 - (a) A woman climbing the Washington Monument...Ch. 15 - A car tire contains 0.0380m3 S of air at a...Ch. 15 - A heliumfilled toy balloon has a gauge pressure of...Ch. 15 - Steam to drive an old—fashioned steam locomotive...Ch. 15 - A hand—driven tire pump has a piston with a 2.50cm...Ch. 15 - Calculate the net work output of a heat engine...Ch. 15 - What is the net work output of a heat engine that...Ch. 15 - Unreasonable Results What is wrong with the claim...Ch. 15 - (a) A cyclical heat engine, operating between...Ch. 15 - Construct Your Own Problem Consider a car's...Ch. 15 - Construct Your Own Problem Consider a car trip...Ch. 15 - A certain heat engine does 10.0 kJ of work and...Ch. 15 - With 2.56106J of heat transfer into this engine, a...Ch. 15 - (a) What is the work output of a cyclical heat...Ch. 15 - (a) What is the eficiency of a cyclical heat...Ch. 15 - The engine of a large Ship does 2.00108J of work...Ch. 15 - (a) How much heat transfer occurs to the...Ch. 15 - Assume that the turbines at a coal—powered power...Ch. 15 - This problem compares the energy output and heat...Ch. 15 - A certain gasoline engine has an efficiency of...Ch. 15 - A gascooled nuclear reactor operates between hot...Ch. 15 - (a) What is the hot reservoir temperature of a...Ch. 15 - Steam locomotives have an efficiency of 17.0% and...Ch. 15 - Practical steam engines utilize 450C steam, which...Ch. 15 - A coalfired electrical power station has an...Ch. 15 - Would you be willing to financially back an...Ch. 15 - Unreasonable Results (a) Suppose you want to...Ch. 15 - Unreasonable Results Calculate the cold reservoir...Ch. 15 - What is the coefficient of performance of an ideal...Ch. 15 - Suppose you have an ideal refrigerator that cools...Ch. 15 - What is the best coefficient of performance...Ch. 15 - In a very mild winter climate, a heat pump has...Ch. 15 - (a) What is the best coefficient of performance...Ch. 15 - (a) What is the best coefficient of performance...Ch. 15 - Suppose you want to operate an ideal refrigerator...Ch. 15 - An ideal heat pump is being considered for use in...Ch. 15 - A 4ton air conditioner removes 5.60107J (48,000...Ch. 15 - Show that the coefficients of performance of...Ch. 15 - (a) On a winter day, a certain house loses...Ch. 15 - On a hot summer day, 4.00106J of heat transfer...Ch. 15 - A hot rock ejected from a volcano's lava fountain...Ch. 15 - When 1.60105J of heat transfer occurs into a meat...Ch. 15 - The Sun radiates energy at the rate of 3.801026W...Ch. 15 - (a) In reaching equilibrium, how much heat...Ch. 15 - What is the decrease in entropy of 25.0 g of water...Ch. 15 - Find the increase in entropy of 1.00 kg of liquid...Ch. 15 - A large electrical power station generates 1000 MW...Ch. 15 - (a) How much heat transfer occurs from 20.0 kg of...Ch. 15 - Using Table 15.4, verify the contention that if...Ch. 15 - What percent of the time will you get something in...Ch. 15 - (a) If tossing 100 coins, how many ways...Ch. 15 - (a) What is the change in entropy if you start...Ch. 15 - (a) What is the change in entropy if you start...Ch. 15 - (a) If you toss 10 coins, what percent of the time...Ch. 15 - (a) Construct a table showing the macro states and...Ch. 15 - In an air conditioner, 12.65 MJ of heat transfer...
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- Suppose 20 g of ice at 0 is added to 300 g of water at 60 . What is the total change in entropy of the mixture after it reaches thermal equilibrium?arrow_forwardIn an isochoric process, heat is added to 10 mol of monoatomic ideal gas whose temperature increases from 273 to 373 K. What is the entropy change of the gas?arrow_forwardTwo moles of a monatomic ideal gas such as oxygen is compressed adiabatically and reversibly from a state (3 atm, 5 L) to a state with a pressure of 4 atm. (a) Find the volume and temperature of the final state. (b) Find the temperature of the initial state. (c) Find work done by the gas in the process. (d) Find the change in internal energy in the process. Assume Cv=5R and Cp=Cv+R for the diatomic ideal gas in the conditions given.arrow_forward
- The energy output of a heat pump is greater than the energy used to operate the pump. Why doesn't this statement violate the first law of thermodynamics?arrow_forwardDiscuss the change in entropy of a gas that expands (a) at constant temperature and (b) adiabatically.arrow_forwardA glass beaker of mass 400 g contains 500 g of water at 27 . The beaker is heated reversibly so that the temperature of the beaker and water rise gradually to 57 . Find the change in entropy of the beaker and water together.arrow_forward
- A copper rod of cross-sectional area 5.0 cm2 and length 5.0 m conducts heat from a heat reservoir at 373 K to one at 273 K. What is the time rate of change of the universe's entropy for this process?arrow_forwardIn a diesel engine, the fuel is ignited without a spark plug. Instead, air in a cylinder is compressed adiabatically to a temperature above the ignition temperature of the fuel; at the point of maximum compression, the fuel is injected into the cylinder. Suppose that air at 20 C is taken into the cylinder at a volume V1 and then compressed adiabatically and quasi-statically to a temperature of 600 C and a volume V2 . If =1.4 , what is the ratio V1/V2 ? (Note: static. In an operating diesel engine, the compression is not quasi-arrow_forwardAn ice tray contains 500 g of liquid water at 0C. Calculate the change in entropy of the water as it freezes slowly and completely at 0C.arrow_forward
- Check Your Understanding In Example 4.7, the spontaneous flow of heat from a hot object to a cold object results in a net increase in entropy of the universe. Discuss how this result can be related to an increase in disorder of the system.arrow_forwardA cylinder containing three moles of a monatomic ideal gas is heated at a constant pressure of 2 atm. The temperature of the gas changes from 300 K to 350 K as a result of the expansion. Find work done (a) on the gas; and (b) by the gas.arrow_forwardA 0.50-kg piece of aluminum at 250 is dropped into 1.0 kg of water at 20 . After equilibrium is reached, what is the net entropy change of the system?arrow_forward
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