Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues - With Access (Custom)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781323045237
Author: Johnson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 15, Problem 6CR
Summary Introduction
To review:
The region of the tubule in the nephrons where permeability of water is regulated.
Introduction:
A region of the tubule in the nephrons where permeability of water is regulated is the distal convoluted tubule. There are parts of tubule where reabsorption of water takes place like the loop of Henle. However, a loop of Henle is freely permeable to water and regulation of water permeability is not as tightly regulated as it is in the distal convoluted tubule.
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Identify the two types of specialized epithelial cells found within distal convoluted tubules and collecting tubules and ducts.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is produced in the pituitary gland and regulates the body's fluid volume and osmolality by affecting the number of active aquaporins (water channels) in the proximal tubules and the collecting duct. But what is it, above all, that drives the filtrate out of the tubules?
a) Osmotic pressure formed depending on the composition of the filtrate
b) Osmotic gradient in the medullary (kidney marrow)
c) Hydrostatic pressure from the filtrate in tubules
d) Blood pressure in the capillary
Which of the following substances does NOT appear in normal filtrate within the distal
convoluted tubule?
Question options:
A) Sodium ions
C) Water
D) Glucose
Chapter 15 Solutions
Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues - With Access (Custom)
Ch. 15 - Prob. 1QCCh. 15 - Prob. 2QCCh. 15 - Should the government set up a national registry...Ch. 15 -
1. Describe in general terms the kidneys' role in...Ch. 15 - Prob. 2CRCh. 15 - Prob. 3CRCh. 15 - Prob. 4CRCh. 15 - Prob. 5CRCh. 15 - Prob. 6CRCh. 15 - Indicate the primary stimulus for the secretion of...
Ch. 15 - Describe the function of the hormone aldosterone.Ch. 15 - Prob. 9CRCh. 15 - Prob. 10CRCh. 15 - Prob. 1TYCh. 15 - Three of the choices below are organ systems...Ch. 15 -
3. The________ detoxifies ammonia, producing...Ch. 15 - Prob. 4TYCh. 15 - Prob. 5TYCh. 15 - Prob. 6TYCh. 15 - Protein is generally not found in the urine...Ch. 15 - Prob. 8TYCh. 15 -
9. Which of the following would not be found in...Ch. 15 - Which of the following is most responsible for the...Ch. 15 - In tubular absorption, which of the following...Ch. 15 - Prob. 12TYCh. 15 - Prob. 13TYCh. 15 - Prob. 14TYCh. 15 - All of the following statements about UTIs are...Ch. 15 - Prob. 1AWKCh. 15 - Prob. 2AWKCh. 15 - Prob. 3AWKCh. 15 - The kidneys filter a large volume of fluid,...Ch. 15 - Why aren't children already potty trained–able to...Ch. 15 - A possible complication of a strep throat...
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- The process of hydrogen ion secretion in the proximal convoluted tubule occurs via which of the following mechanisms? Choose from the following: (A) hydrogen ions diffuse out of the glomerular filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule, through extracellular fluid and into the peritubular blood (B) carbon dioxide diffuses into the proximal convoluted tubule cell from peritubular capillary blood; undergoes a chemical reaction to form carbonic acid; dissociates into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions; the hydrogen ion diffuses into the glomerular filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule (C) hydrogen ions diffuse out of the peritubular capillary blood, through extracellular fluid and into the filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule (D) carbon dioxide diffuses into the proximal convoluted tubule cell from the glomerular filtrate; undergoes a chemical reacdtion to form carbonic acid; dissociates into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions; the hydrogen ions diffuse into the peritubular bloodarrow_forwardDifferentiate transport maxima and gradient-time limited transport in proximal tubule.arrow_forwardList the two mechanisms by which tubule and collecting duct cells generate new HCO3−.arrow_forward
- IDENTIFY THE PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE 0 0 0 0 0 E A B С B E Darrow_forwardDescribe the process by which tubule cells move H+ intothe tubule lumen and HCO3–into the extracellular fluid.arrow_forwardIf someone had a genetic condition that resulted in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) being unable to reabsorb glucose, what would happen?arrow_forward
- The epithelium lining of the proximal convoluted tubule has a brush border. Name the cell structure that forms the brush border and state its function.arrow_forwardIn what ways do the proximal and distal convoluted tubules differ in structure? How is this related to their functional difference?arrow_forwardAll of the following are true about glucose recovery from the tubule fluid, except (choose the incorrect statement): A. All filtered glucose is released in the PCT unless plasma glucose abnormally high B. It is reabsorbed by coupling with Na+ recovery via a sodium glucose cotransporter C. Glucose recovery is made possible by low intracellular Na+ concentrations created by the NaK pump D. The CD recovers any glucose that is not reabsorbed by the PCT nephron loop and DCT this is not and will not be gradedarrow_forward
- How is the permeability of the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting tubule controlled for regulating the water content inside the body?arrow_forwardIn the proximal tubule, the reabsorption of Na+, amino acids, and glucose causes (before water moves): Decreased osmolarity of the tubular fluid but increased osmolarity of the interstitial fluid Decreased osmolarity of the tubular fluid and interstitial fluid O Increased osmolarity of the tubular fluid but decreased osmolarity of the interstitial fluid O Increased osmolarity of the tubular fluid and the interstitial fluid No changes in osmolarityarrow_forwardLabel the simple columnar epithelium of kidney tubule under HPO with the following: interlobular duct, nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, basal lamina and lumen.arrow_forward
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