Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321962751
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 15, Problem 9TYU
FOCUS ON EVOLUTION
DNA sequences can act as “tape measures of evolution” (see Concept 3. 7).evolution.” Some highly conserved regions of the human genome (similar to comparable regions in other species) don't code for proteins. Propose a possible explanation
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DNA sequences can act as "tape measures of evolution". Scientists analyzing the human genome sequence were surprised to find that some regions of the human genome that are most highly conserved (similar to comparable regions in other species) don't code for proteins at all. Given what you've learned about "genes" speculate on reasons why this might be so.
Concept 23. A gene is a discrete sequence of DNA nucleotides.
This concept describes the discovery of the DNA sequencing technique that made modern biology and bioinformatics possible. The method was later used to sequence the human genome and genomes of many other organisms. This led to the accumulation of great numbers of nucleotide and protein sequences in the numerous databases.
The concept 23 web page is here: http://www.dnaftb.org/23/
After reading the Concept page, answer the following questions.
What was the Mendel’s definition of a gene? How was it different from the definition by Beadle and Tatum?
Describe proteins based on the early sequencing efforts.
What was the definition of a protein coding gene based on the genetic code?
What are the beginning and ending codons of the gene’s protein coding sequence?
What is the name of the method that makes use of a “defective” DNA nucleotide?
After reviewing the Animation pages, answer the following…
Your entire genome is about 6.4 billion basepairs long. If 41% of the human genome is either guanines or cytosines (know as the "GC" content), how many total adenines are in your genome? Keep in mind that the 6.4 billion basepairs refers to the length of the genome, but that DNA is double stranded.
Chapter 15 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 15.1 - How does binding of the trp corepressor to its...Ch. 15.1 - Describe the binding of RNA polymerase,...Ch. 15.1 - WHAT IF? A certain mutation in E. coli changes the...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 15.2 - Compare the roles of general and specific...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 15.3 - WHAT IF? Suppose the mRNA being degraded in Figure...Ch. 15.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Inactivation of one of the X...Ch. 15.4 - Describe the role of complementary base pairing...Ch. 15.4 - WHAT IF? Study the microarray in Figure 15.17. If...
Ch. 15 - If a particular operon encodes enzymes for making...Ch. 15 - The functioning of enhancers is an example of A. a...Ch. 15 - Which of the following is an example of...Ch. 15 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 15 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 15 - Which of the following would not be true of cDNA...Ch. 15 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 15 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Imagine you want to study one...Ch. 15 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION DNA sequences can act as tape...Ch. 15 - FOCUS ON INTERACTIONS In a short essay (100150...Ch. 15 - Prob. 11TYU
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- EVOLUTION LINK DNA technology, such as the production of transgenic animals, is possible only because widely different organisms have essentially identical genetic systems (DNA RNA protein). What is the evolutionary significance of the universality of genetic systems in organisms as diverse as bacteria and pigs?arrow_forwardWhen the human genome sequence was finally completed, scientists were surprised to discover that the genome contains far fewer genes than expected. How many genes are present in the human genome? Scientists have also found that there are many more different kinds of proteins in human cells than there are different genes in the genome. How can this be explained?arrow_forwardPinker mentions that only 1% of the human genome codes for proteins (the rest included introns, regulatory sequences, and repetitive DNA, some of it parasitic—we will talk about this later). Given that the human genome contains 3 x 109 base-pairs of DNA, there are about 20,000 human genes, and three base pairs code for each amino acid in a protein, how many amino acids are in the average human protein? [Hint: start with what fraction of base pairs in the human genome code for proteins.]arrow_forward
- Junk DNA — Not So Useless After All https://healthland.time.com/2012/09/06/junk-dna-not-so-useless-after-all/ (Claim) Summarize scientist's error in naming noncoding DNA "junk" DNA. (Evidence) Is the amount of DNA an organism has correlated to intelligence or complexity? (Reasoning) What are two discovered uses of noncoding DNA (introns)?arrow_forwardEvolution accounts for the unity and diversity of life, and the continuity of life is based on heritable information in the form of DNA. In a short essay (100-150 words), discuss how the fidelity with which DNA is inherited is related to the processes of evolution. (Review the discussion of proofreading and DNA repair in Concept 16.2.)arrow_forwardthink about this: if you know the amino acid sequence of a protein can you predict with 100% certainty the DNA sequence of the gene that codes for it? Would knowing the amino acid sequence help you identify the gene?arrow_forward
- Human Genome ProjectIn 2003, the Human Genome Project was successfully completed, determining the exact sequence of the entire human genome, which is made up of 3 billion nucleotide base pairs. The data generated from the Human Genome Project is freely available online to anyone. Many researches and innovations stemmed from the HGP, allowing the identifications of 1 800 disease genes. Many of the corporations using the results from the HGP are privately funded, and research is being done for profit even though the HGP results are provided freely.Identify one advantage and one disadvantage of corporate funding and patenting genetic research results.arrow_forwardHuman Genome ProjectIn 2003, the Human Genome Project was successfully completed, determining the exact sequence of the entire human genome, which is made up of 3 billion nucleotide base pairs. The data generated from the Human Genome Project is freely available online to anyone. Many pieces of research and innovations stemmed from the HGP, allowing the identifications of 1 800 disease genes. Many of the corporations using the results from the HGP are privately funded, and research is being done for profit even though the HGP results are provided freely. Identify one advantage and one disadvantage of corporate funding and patenting genetic research results.arrow_forwardJunk DNA — Not So Useless After All | TIME.com Is the amount of DNA an organism has correlated to intelligence or complexity? What are two discovered uses of noncoding DNA (introns)?arrow_forward
- Build a 3D model of a DNA molecule:-3-dimensional built structure -Contain sugar-phosphate backbones (constructed as separate molecules) -Contain nitrogenous bases (paired clearly and correctly) -Have a minimum of 10 base-pairs (minimum of 10 “rungs” or “steps” on the ladder) with the correct number of hydrogen bonds illustrated between each of the base pairs. -Have the orientation labeled on each strand and make sure the two strands are antiparallel.arrow_forwardCheck the new protein created by your new DNA. Describe how this changed the protein (amino acid sequence).BTW- I changed the second triplet CCA to ACAarrow_forwardThe RNA World Hypothesis suggests that the earliest forms of life used RNA as a genome instead of DNA. Why then do we not see organisms alive today with RNA genomes?arrow_forward
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