Chapter 15.3, Problem 8AYLO

Summary Introduction

To discuss:

How does ANS can regulate the organs that lack dual innervation?

Introduction:

Autonomic nervous system comprises of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. Both these system innervate the visceral organs and have their own effects on the target organs. The sympathetic system operates in heart, lungs, and smooth muscles and it executes its effect on flight or fight response to make organs, excited. In a contrary, parasympathetic system innervates the same organ and its effects executes on rest or digest mode. The innervation of an organ by sympathetic and parasympathetic system is said to be dual innervation. There is some exceptional cases or organs where there is no dual innervation.