CAMPBELL BIOLOGY V.2(BHCC>CUSTOM<)
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781323655573
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON C
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Chapter 15.5, Problem 3CC
WHAT IF? Ø Mitochondrial genes are critical to the energy
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2. Mutations in the genes that encode certain mitochondrial proteins are associated with a high incidence of sometype of cancer. How might defective mitochondria lead to cancer?
WHAT IF? In the absence of O2, as in question 1, whatdo you think would happen if you decreased the pH ofthe intermembrane space of the mitochondrion? Explainyour answer
All mutations in mitochondrial genes ultimately affect(whether directly or indirectly) the key function ofmitochondria, which is to make ATP. Why then domutations in different genes cause different diseases,with specific symptoms? (Note: The answer to thisquestion is not known, but your speculations will helpyou think about the material in this chapter.)29. How could researchers have determined that
Chapter 15 Solutions
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY V.2(BHCC>CUSTOM<)
Ch. 15.1 - Which one of Mendel's laws describes the...Ch. 15.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Review the description of...Ch. 15.1 - WHAT IF? Propose a possible reason that the first...Ch. 15.2 - A white-eyed female Drosophila is mated with a...Ch. 15.2 - Neither Tim nor Rhoda has Duchenne muscular...Ch. 15.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Consider what you learned about...Ch. 15.3 - When two genes are located on the same chromosome,...Ch. 15.3 - VISUAL SKILLS For each type of offspring of the...Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 15.4 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 15.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 15.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 15.5 - Gene dosagethe number of copies of a gene that are...Ch. 15.5 - Reciprocal crosses between two primrose varieties,...Ch. 15.5 - WHAT IF? Mitochondrial genes are critical to the...Ch. 15 - What characteristic of the sex chromosomes allowed...Ch. 15 - Why are males affected by X-Iinked disorders much...Ch. 15 - Why are specific alleles of two distant genes more...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.4CRCh. 15 - Explain how genomic imprinting and inheritance of...Ch. 15 - A man with hemophilia (a recessive, sex-linked...Ch. 15 - Pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy is an...Ch. 15 - A wild-type fruit fly (heterozygous for gray body...Ch. 15 - A planet is inhabited by creatures that reproduce...Ch. 15 - Using the information from problem 4, scientists...Ch. 15 - A wild-type fruit fly (heterozygous for gray body...Ch. 15 - Assume that genes, A and B are on the same...Ch. 15 - Two genes of a flower, one Controlling blue (B)...Ch. 15 - You design Drosophila crosses to provide...Ch. 15 - Banana plants, which are triploid, are seedless...Ch. 15 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Crossing over is thought to...Ch. 15 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY DRAW IT Assume you are mapping...Ch. 15 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INFORMATION The continuity of...Ch. 15 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Butter flies have an X-Y...
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- Wheeler and Mathews (J. Biol. Chem. 287:31218–31222 (2012)) reported the NAD+ and NADH concentrations in yeast mitochondria as 20 mM and 0.3 mM, respectively. Consider the malate dehydrogenase reaction, which is part of the citric acid cycle: malate + NAD+ → oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ ∆G°′ = +29.7 kJ/mol If malate concentration in yeast mitochondria is 0.4 mM, what is the maximum concentration of oxaloacetate needed to make the reaction exergonic at pH 7.0 and 37 °C?arrow_forwardWHAT IF? A classmate proposes that mitochondria andchloroplasts should be classified in the endomembranesystem. Argue against the proposal.arrow_forwardQ. Because of the high energy demands related to swimming at depth, belugas possess very large specialized mitochondria. Given your knowledge of evolution and the theory of endosymbiosis, which hypothesis best explains the presence of these special mitochondria in the muscle cells of these whales? A. the beluga's mitochondria were originally chloroplasts B. the lineage leading to belugas evolved specialized mitochondria after the original endosymbiotic event C. whale muscle cells engulfed the special mitochondria 100,000 years ago during the evolution of the first whales and lost mitochondria from the original endosymbiotic event D. None of these answers are plausiblearrow_forward
- please answer both questions. 1. What effect might “vaping” have on mitochondrial functioning? 2. Explain how sugars produced during photosynthesis are moved from leaves to fruit.arrow_forwardMitochondria are critical for normal metabolism. From which parent did each human being’s original mitochondria come from at conception? In Luft’s syndrome the mitochondria are not producing sufficient amounts of ATP. What series of reactions could be most responsible for the deficiency? What are some other conditions that are thought to involve mitochondrial malfunction? What's your opinion on the 3-parent babies technique approved in the UK?arrow_forward9 .The energy of electron transport (by the ETC) serves to move protons (hydrogen ions, or H+) to the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion. How does this help the mitochondrion produce ATP? a) This movement of protons sets up the electrochemical gradient that drives ATP synthesis in the mitochondrion. b) The protons pick up electrons from the electron transport chain on their way through the inner mitochondrial membrane c) The protons receive electrons from the NAD+ and FAD that were accepted in glycolysis ad the citric acid cycle d) The protons are transferred to oxygen in an energy-releasing reactionarrow_forward
- Rationalize why 4 (and not 5 or 10) protons are transferred from inside to outside of the mitochondrial inner membrane by the Complex I? (Hint: use redox potential of NADH and Ubiquinone, mitochondrial membrane pH =0.75 units, and the potential difference across the inner mitochondrial membrane = 0.15V) For the purpose of energy utilization, what are the advantages of generating energy from lipids as compared to that of carbohydrates? Justify by chemical reason.arrow_forwardA central tenet in mitochondrial bioenergetics is that exergonic electron transfer drives the creation of an electrical potential () across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). This is entirely true. Another tenet of mitochondrial bioenergetics, that you will read everywhere, is that this electrical potential is created by three proton pumps, Complexes I, III and IV. This is less true. A proton pump is this: It’s a protein that binds a proton from one side of a membrane, translocates that very proton across the membrane, through the protein, and ejects it into solution on the other side of the membrane. Complex I is a proton pump, but we did not discuss complex I. Complex III is NOT a proton pump, yet it creates electrical potential across the IMM. It is an electron/proton charge separation device. Complex IV is both types of these devices. Fifty percent of the electrical potential that complex IV creates is as a proton pump. But, 50% of the electrical potential that complex IV…arrow_forwardSelect all that apply: As a consequence of decomposition of one molecule of glucose during glycolysis, ________ a. four ionic compounds of NAD+ are reduced in the citrate cycle b. four molecules of CO2 are produced c. much energy has been consumed by endergonic reactions d. NADH molecules donate a total of 16 electrons to the mitochondrial series of electrons transfers e. the electron contributed by 8 molecules of NADH and two molecules of FADH2 to a mitochondrial succession of electron tranfers in a crista serve to oxidize O2 f. the hydrogen ions contributed by 8 molecules of NADH and 2 molecules of FADH2 to a chain of electronic transfers in a crista serve to reduce O2, forming 6 molecules of H2O g. the molecules of NADH produced in the cytosol of the spleen contribute electrons to the mitochondrial chain of electronic transfers, resulting in the production of 4 molecules of ATParrow_forward
- Examine Figure 11-13. Where are the electron carriers of the mitochondrial electron transport chain located— in the matrix, the membrane, or in the crista lumen? As they carry electrons, some of them also deposit protons (H+). Are the protons deposited in the matrix or in the crista lumen?arrow_forwardIn the 1930’s DNP was given to people to lose weight. DNP makes the mitochondrial membrane leaky to hydrogen ions. Why might this cause one to lose weight? Why would this cause death? How is this similar or different to cyanide which binds to complex IV in the mitochondria?arrow_forwardQ7. Which phrase best describes the chemical conditions inside the mitochondrial matrix? A. low pH and high pyruvate concentration B. high pH and high pyruvate concentration C. high pH and low pyruvate concentration D. low pH and low pyruvate concentrationarrow_forward
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