Concept explainers
About half of the hydrochloric acid produced annually in the United States (3.0 billion pounds) is used in metal pickling. This process involves the removal of metal oxide layers from metal surfaces to prepare them for coating, (a) Write the overall and net ionic equations for the reaction between iron(III) oxide, which represents the rust layer over iron, and HCl. Identify the Brønsted acid and base. (b) Hydrochloric acid is also used to remove scale (which is mostly CaCO3) from water pipes. Hydrochloric acid reacts with calcium carbonate in two stages: the first stage forms the bicarbonate ion, which then reacts further to form carbon dioxide. Write equations for these two stages and for the overall reaction. (c) Hydrochloric acid is used to recover oil from the ground. It dissolves rocks (often CaCO3) so that the oil can flow more easily. In one process, a 15 percent (by mass) HCl solution is injected into an oil well to dissolve the rocks. If the density of the acid solution is 1.073 g/mL, what is the pH of the solution?
(a)
Interpretation:
The overall and net ionic equations for the reaction between iron(III) oxide, which represents the rust layer over iron, and
Concept Information:
A chemical substance that gives hydrogen ions when dissolved in water is called as acid. A chemical substance that gives hydroxide ions in solution is called as base.
Bronsted's definitions of acid and base:
Bronsted's definition is based on the chemical reaction that occur when both acids and bases are added with each other. In Bronsted's theory acid donates proton , while base accepts proton from acid.
Example: Consider the following reaction.
Hydrogen chloride donates a proton, and hence it is a Bronsted acid. Ammonia accepts a proton, and hence it is a Bronsted base.
pH definition:
The concentration of hydrogen ion is measured using
The
To Give: The overall and net ionic equations for the reaction between iron(III) oxide, which represents the rust layer over iron, and
Answer to Problem 16.166QP
The overall equation is:
The net ionic equation is:
Explanation of Solution
Given data:
About half of the hydrochloric acid produced annually in the United States (3.0 billion pounds) is used in metal pickling. This process involves the removal of metal oxide layers from metal surfaces to prepare them for coating.
Reaction between iron(III) oxide and
The overall equation and net ionic equation for the reaction of iron (III) oxide, representing the rust layer over ion and
The overall equation is:
The net ionic equation is:
Identification of Bronsted acid and base:
Since
(b)
Interpretation:
Hydrochloric acid reacts with calcium carbonate in two stages. Equations for these two stages and for the overall reaction has to be written
Concept Information:
A chemical substance that gives hydrogen ions when dissolved in water is called as acid. A chemical substance that gives hydroxide ions in solution is called as base.
Bronsted's definitions of acid and base:
Bronsted's definition is based on the chemical reaction that occur when both acids and bases are added with each other. In Bronsted's theory acid donates proton , while base accepts proton from acid.
Example: Consider the following reaction.
Hydrogen chloride donates a proton, and hence it is a Bronsted acid. Ammonia accepts a proton, and hence it is a Bronsted base.
pH definition:
The concentration of hydrogen ion is measured using
The
To Write: Equations for these two stages and for the overall reaction
Answer to Problem 16.166QP
The first stage is:
The second stage is:
The overall equation is:
Explanation of Solution
Given data:
Hydrochloric acid is used to remove scale (which is mostly
Hydrochloric acid reacts with calcium carbonate in two stages.
The first stage reaction equation is:
Calcium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid and gives bicarbonate ions.
The second stage reaction equation is:
Bicarbonate ions further reacts with hydrochloric acid and gives carbon dioxide.
The overall reaction equation is:
The overall reaction equation is given as follows,
The
(c)
Interpretation:
Hydrochloric acid is used to recover oil from the ground. If the density of the acid solution is
Concept Information:
A chemical substance that gives hydrogen ions when dissolved in water is called as acid. A chemical substance that gives hydroxide ions in solution is called as base.
Bronsted's definitions of acid and base:
Bronsted's definition is based on the chemical reaction that occur when both acids and bases are added with each other. In Bronsted's theory acid donates proton , while base accepts proton from acid.
Example: Consider the following reaction.
Hydrogen chloride donates a proton, and hence it is a Bronsted acid. Ammonia accepts a proton, and hence it is a Bronsted base.
pH definition:
The concentration of hydrogen ion is measured using
The
To calculate: The pH of the given acid solution
Answer to Problem 16.166QP
The pH of the given hydrochloric acid solution is -0.64
Explanation of Solution
Given data: Hydrochloric acid is used to recover oil from the ground. It dissolves rocks (often
In one process, a 15 percent (by mass) HCl solution is injected into an oil well to dissolve the rocks.
The density of the acid solution is 1.073 g/mL
The concentration of the
Let’s assume a volume of
The mass of 1000 mL of solution is:
The number of moles of
Thus, there are 4.4 moles of
The pH of the solution is:
This is a highly acidic solution (note that the pH is negative), which is needed to dissolve large quantities of rocks in the oil recovery process.
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Chapter 16 Solutions
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