BIO The Vocal Tract. Many opera singers (and some pop singers) have a range of about 2 1 2 octaves or even greater. Suppose a soprano’s range extends from A below middle C (frequency 220 Hz) up to E-flat above high C (frequency 1244 Hz). Although the vocal tract is quite complicated, we can model it as a resonating air column, like an organ pipe, that is open at the top and closed at the bottom. The column extends from the mouth down to the diaphragm in the chest cavity, and we can also assume that the lowest note is the fundamental. How long is this column of air if υ = 354 m/s? Does your result seem reasonable, on the basis of observations of your own body?
BIO The Vocal Tract. Many opera singers (and some pop singers) have a range of about 2 1 2 octaves or even greater. Suppose a soprano’s range extends from A below middle C (frequency 220 Hz) up to E-flat above high C (frequency 1244 Hz). Although the vocal tract is quite complicated, we can model it as a resonating air column, like an organ pipe, that is open at the top and closed at the bottom. The column extends from the mouth down to the diaphragm in the chest cavity, and we can also assume that the lowest note is the fundamental. How long is this column of air if υ = 354 m/s? Does your result seem reasonable, on the basis of observations of your own body?
BIO The Vocal Tract. Many opera singers (and some pop singers) have a range of about
2
1
2
octaves or even greater. Suppose a soprano’s range extends from A below middle C (frequency 220 Hz) up to E-flat above high C (frequency 1244 Hz). Although the vocal tract is quite complicated, we can model it as a resonating air column, like an organ pipe, that is open at the top and closed at the bottom. The column extends from the mouth down to the diaphragm in the chest cavity, and we can also assume that the lowest note is the fundamental. How long is this column of air if υ = 354 m/s? Does your result seem reasonable, on the basis of observations of your own body?
What is the frequency of the second harmonic of a steel piano wire stretched to a tension of 440N? The wire is 60cm long and has a mass of 5.6 grams.
(a) 217Hz(b) 295Hz(c) 181Hz(d) 360Hz(e) 434Hz
As shown , water is pumped into a tall, vertical cylinder at a volume flow rate R = 1.00 L/min. The radius of the cylinder is r = 5.00 cm, and at the open top of the cylinder a tuning fork is vibrating with a frequency f = 512 Hz. As the water rises, what time interval elapses between successive resonances?
The elastic limit of a steel wire is 2.70 × 108 Pa. What is the maximum speed at which transverse wave pulses can propagate along this wire without exceeding this stress? (The density of steel is 7.86 × 103 kg/m3.)
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