Concept explainers
To identify:
The two major divisions of ANS
Introduction:
Nervous system is the main controller of all the systems present in the body. It regulates and controls the functioning of all the body systems. It has two parts Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). The PNS is further divided into two sub-parts, the ANS or the autonomic nervous system and the SNS or the somatic nervous system.
Explanation of Solution
ANS controls the autonomic functions like the heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, pupillary response, urination, and sexual arousal. It also helps in maintaining the internal homeostasis of temperature, salt concentration, blood sugar, oxygen and the carbon dioxide concentration in the blood.
It has two sub-parts the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.
- Sympathetic nervous system performs functions like dilation of pupil, increment in the rate of heart beat etc. It is mostly secreted during the daytime when bodies needs energy and have to perform actions.
- Parasympathetic nervous system works antagonistically to the sympathetic nervous system, it calms down the body by decreasing the blood flow and blood pressure, contraction of the pupil, decreasing the heart beat etc. It helps to release stress of the body. It is secreted during the night when body has to relax and calm down
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Chapter 16 Solutions
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- Compare the general effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS on mental alertness, metabolic rate, digestive/urinary function, use of energy reserves, respiratory rate, heart rate/blood pressure, and sweat gland activity.arrow_forwardWhat are the functions of the ANS?arrow_forwardName the neurotransmitters employed by the ANS and define terms for neurons and synapses with different neurotransmitter and receptor types?;arrow_forward
- In terms of neurotransmitters and receptors, explain why the two divisions of the ANS can have contrasting effects on the same organs?arrow_forwardFill in the blankes. The ANS receives input from___________ located in the blood vessels visceral organs, and muscles in order to monitor the internal environment.arrow_forwardDescribe the effect of parasympathetic innervation on each visceral organ innervated by the division of the ANS, especially the heart, blood vessels, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, adrenal medulla, and external genitalia.arrow_forward
- Identify the targets of the cholinergic and adrenergic neurotransmitters of the ANS.arrow_forwardState the differences between SNS and ANS. List the major anatomical and microscopic components of the ANS.arrow_forwardDescribe the sympathetic pathways to the (a) submandibular salivary gland, (b) bladder, (c) sweat glands in the skin, (d) adrenal medulla, (e) heart, (f) stomach.arrow_forward
- Name the protective structures of the central nervous system, and briefly describe each one.arrow_forwardPlease label the following structures associated with the basal ganglia.arrow_forwardIn terms of neurotransmitters and receptors, explain how the two divisions of the ANS can have contrasting effects on the same organ.arrow_forward
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning