Concept explainers
a)
To discuss: The statement that “Unlike country A firms, which are often being pressured by their shareholders to rise the dividends, country J companies pay out a much smaller proportion of earnings and so enjoy a lower cost of capital”.
b)
To discuss: The statement that “unlike new capital, which needs a stream of new dividends to service it,
c)
To discuss: The statement that “if a company repurchases stock instead of paying dividend, the number of shares falls and earnings per share increase. Thus stock repurchase should often be preferred to paying dividends”.
The share repurchase is the strategy by which companies will take back or buy back its own shares from the market place. If the management considered the shares are undervalued the company may buy back its shares.
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PRIN.OF CORPORATE FINANCE
- Which of the following situation in which the quality of the company’s pay-out to shareholders may decline a. Decrease in cash position b. Increase in positive NPV investment opportunities c. Increase in capital gains tax d. Decrease in marginal tax rate on dividends Which of the following concepts tells us that dividends are to be paid only when the capital budget has been already supplied? a. Gordon Growth model b. Dividend irrelevance theory c. Retain Earnings break-point principle d. Residual Dividend Modelarrow_forwardIs this statement true or false? Give a reason for your answer. "The bird-in-hand theory suggests that a company can reduce its cost of equity capital by reducing its dividend payout ratio."arrow_forwardFor each statement indicate whether it is true or false and briefly explain why. a) In a perfect capital market with no corporate taxes, as a firm takes on more and more debt its weighted average cost of capital remains unchanged while its required return on equity rises. b) If a firm issues riskfree debt the risk of the firm’s equity will not change. So, riskfree debt allows the firm to get the benefit of a low cost of debt without raising its cost of equity. c) In the context of firms’ capital structure decisions, the theory predicts that the value of a firm’s equity will rise in direct proportion to the level of debt in its capital structure.arrow_forward
- Suppose that a new government is elected and it changes the law applying to firms to:• Allow dividend payments to be tax deductible• Stop interest expense on debt from being tax deductibleHolding other factors constant, and assuming that firms seek to maintain an optimal capital structure in accordance with trade-off theory, what would you expect to happen to the debt ratio of a firm with both equity and debt in its capital structure?a. An increase in the debt ratiob. A decrease in the debt ratioc. The debt ratio would be unchangedd. The debt ratio would doublee. None of the above or it is not possible to sayarrow_forwardwhich one is correct please confirm? QUESTION 3 A firm is considering the purchase of assets that will increase its fixed operating costs. The firm should decrease the proportion of ____ it employs in its capital structure if it wants to maintain its existing degree of combined leverage. a. common stock b. common stock and warrants c. warrants d. debtarrow_forwardOne position expressed in the financial literature is that firms set their dividends as aresidual after using income to support new investment.a. Explain what a residual dividend policy implies, illustrating your answer with a tableshowing how different investment opportunities can lead to different dividend payoutratios.b. Think back to Chapter 14 where we considered the relationship between capital structureand the cost of capital. If the WACC-versus-debt-ratio plot was shaped like a sharp V,would this have a different implication for the importance of setting dividends accordingto the residual policy than if the plot was shaped like a shallow bowl (a flattened U)?arrow_forward
- Which of the following would reduce a firm's WACC after tax? a. A firm invests in an average-risk project using equity, rather than debt financing. b. A supermarket chain decides to establish hardware stores which increases its systematic risk. c. A firm issues shares and uses the proceeds to pay off a bank loan. d. A firm issues bonds and uses the proceeds to repurchase stock. e. A firm significantly improves its operating cost control to boost profits.arrow_forwardIdentify and explain each of the if it encourage a firm to increase or decrease debt in its capital structure? a. The corporate tax rate increases b. The personal tax rate increases c. Due to market changes, the firm's assets become less liquid d. The firm's sales and earnings become more volatile.arrow_forwardThe cost of new common stock True or False: The following statement accurately describes how firms make decisions related to issuing new common stock. If a firm needs additional capital from equity sources once its retained earnings breakpoint is reached, it will have to raise the capital by issuing new common stock. True: Firms will raise all the equity they can from retained earnings before issuing new common stock, because capital from retained earnings is cheaper than capital raised from issuing new common stock. False: Firms raise capital from retained earnings only when they cannot issue new common stock due to market conditions outside of their control. White Lion Homebuilders is considering investing in a one-year project that requires an initial investment of $475,000. To do so, it will have to issue new common stock and will incur a flotation cost of 2.00%. At the end of the year, the project is expected to produce a cash inflow of $550,000.…arrow_forward
- Which statement about capital structure is the most correct? a. The more the company borrows, the lower will be the after-tax WACC. This increases the present value of the firm free cash flows which represents the value of the levered firm. Therefore, a firm should always seek to borrow as much debt as possible. b. The more the company borrows, the higher will be its tax shields, therefore a company will always prefer to issue debt than equity. c. Because the cost of debt is cheaper than the cost of equity, a company should use as much debt as possible to finance their projects d. Lenders rank ahead of shareholders when the company goes bankrupt. This increased risk for shareholders means the cost of equity is higher than the cost of debt. e. A company should always try to reduce its debt because of the high bankruptcy risk associated with debt. A company should aim to have 100% equity financing if it is possible.arrow_forwardAll computations must be done and shown in detail. In each of the theories of capital structure the cost of equity rises as the amount of debt increases. So why don’t financial managers use as little debt as possible to keep the cost of equity down? After all, isn’t the goal of the firm to maximize share value and minimize shareholder costs? b) Country Markets has an unlevered cost of capital of 12 percent, a tax rate of 38 percent, and expected earnings before interest and taxes of $15,700. The company has $12,000 in bonds outstanding that have a 6 percent coupon and pay interest annually. The bonds are selling at par value. What is the cost of equity?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about payout policy is FALSE? a. Share repurchases concentrate ownership in the hands of the remaining shareholders, making their shares worth more than they were before the repurchase. b. Firms should generally pay out no more than their free cash flow to equity, unless they are in the process of paying out a large cash balance. c. Dividends typically increase at a slower rate than earnings. d. Firms today return more cash to shareholders through repurchases than through dividends. e. Dividends are lower for firms that have higher growth rates.arrow_forward
- Financial Reporting, Financial Statement Analysis...FinanceISBN:9781285190907Author:James M. Wahlen, Stephen P. Baginski, Mark BradshawPublisher:Cengage Learning