Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781260791563
Author: Kenneth S. Saladin
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Higher Education (us)
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 2TYC
What type of cutaneous receptor enables you to feel an insect crawling through your hair'? What type enables you to palpate a patient’s pulse? What type enables a blind person to read braille?
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What type of cutaneous receptor enables you to feel an insect crawling through your hair? What type enables you to palpate a patient’spulse? What type enables a blind person to read braille?
A scientist has dissected out a small section of the retina and is able to directly record the action potential firing rate in a single ganglion cell.
Assume there is a on-center off-surround bipolar cell connected to an on-center off-surround ganglion cell.
When applying ‘Stimulus 1’ the scientist records a moderate action potential rate. When applying ‘Stimulus 2’ the rate of action potentials increases substantially.
In the context of this experiment no illumination is an option as a 'Stimulus'.
‘Stimulus 2’ would result in what response in the bipolar cell (the one connected to the ganglion cell the scientist is measuring)?
A. A large depolarization of the bipolar cell membrane
B. The bipolar cell membrane would remain at the resting membrane potential
C. A large hyperpolarization of the bipolar cell membrane
D. A small hyperpolarization of the bipolar cell membrane
E. A small depolarization of the bipolar cell membrane
What are some general similarities in how receptive fields are represented by the nervous system? What advantage does this give us with respect to those senses?
Chapter 16 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function
Ch. 16.1 - Not every sensory receptor is a sense organ....Ch. 16.1 - What does it mean to say sense organs are...Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 3BYGOCh. 16.1 - What is meant by the modality of a stimulus? Give...Ch. 16.1 - Three schemes of receptor classification were...Ch. 16.1 - Nociceptors are tonic rather than phasic...Ch. 16.1 - The definition of receptor and the range of...Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 16.1 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 16.1 - Prob. 4AYLO
Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 16.1 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 16.1 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 16.2 - What stimulus modalities are detected by free...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 8BYGOCh. 16.2 - Where do most second-order somatosensory neurons...Ch. 16.2 - Explain the phenomenon of referred pain in terms...Ch. 16.2 - Explain the roles of bradykinin, substance P, and...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 12BYGOCh. 16.2 - Three Types of unencapsulated sensory nerve...Ch. 16.2 - Six types of encapsulated nerve endings and how...Ch. 16.2 - The main routes for somatosensory signals from the...Ch. 16.2 - Definitions of pain and nociceptorCh. 16.2 - Differences between fast pain and slow painCh. 16.2 - Differences between somatic and visceral pain, and...Ch. 16.2 - Several chemicals released by injured tissues that...Ch. 16.2 - The general three-neuron pathway typically taken...Ch. 16.2 - Pain pathways from receptors in the head to the...Ch. 16.2 - Pain pathways from the lower body to the cerebral...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 11AYLOCh. 16.2 - Referred pain and its anatomical basisCh. 16.2 - Prob. 13AYLOCh. 16.2 - Prob. 14AYLOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 13BYGOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 14BYGOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 15BYGOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 16BYGOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 17BYGOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 16.3 - Types, locations, and functions of lingual...Ch. 16.3 - Five primary taste sensations, and sensations...Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 16.3 - How odor molecules excite olfactory cellsCh. 16.3 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 9AYLOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 10AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 18BYGOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 19BYGOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 20BYGOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 21BYGOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 22BYGOCh. 16.4 - Why can't we see wavelengths of 350 nm or 750 nm?Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 16.4 - The bony and membranous labyrinths of the inner...Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 9AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 10AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 11AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 12AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 13AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 14AYLOCh. 16.4 - The pathway from cochlear nerve to auditory...Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 16AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 17AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 18AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 19AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 20AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 21AYLOCh. 16.4 - The path taken by signals in the vestibular nerve...Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 23AYLOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 24BYGOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 25BYGOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 26BYGOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 27BYGOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 28BYGOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 16.5 - Six extrinsic eye muscles, their anatomy, the eye...Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 16.5 - General structure of the retina: its two points of...Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 9AYLOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 10AYLOCh. 16.5 - Principles of refraction; points at which...Ch. 16.5 - The difference between enmetropia and lite near...Ch. 16.5 - Histological layers and cell types of the retina....Ch. 16.5 - The structures of rods and cones; where visual...Ch. 16.5 - Differences in rod and cone functionCh. 16.5 - Prob. 16AYLOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 17AYLOCh. 16.5 - Why a single retinal receptor system cannot...Ch. 16.5 - Difference between S, M, and L cones; how neural...Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 20AYLOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 21AYLOCh. 16.5 - Hemidecussation, where it occurs, and how it...Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 23AYLOCh. 16 - Hot and cold stimuli are detected by a. free nerve...Ch. 16 - _____is a neurotransmitter that transmits pain...Ch. 16 - Prob. 3TYRCh. 16 - Prob. 4TYRCh. 16 - Prob. 5TYRCh. 16 - Prob. 6TYRCh. 16 - Prob. 7TYRCh. 16 - Prob. 8TYRCh. 16 - The retina receives its oxygen supply from a. the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 10TYRCh. 16 - The most finely detailed vision occurs when an...Ch. 16 - Prob. 12TYRCh. 16 - Prob. 13TYRCh. 16 - Prob. 14TYRCh. 16 - Three rows of________in the cochlea have V-shaped...Ch. 16 - The ______ is a tiny bone that vibrates in the...Ch. 16 - The _____ of the midbrain receives auditory input...Ch. 16 - Prob. 18TYRCh. 16 - Olfactory neurons synapse with mitral cells and...Ch. 16 - In the phenomenon of ______, pain from the viscera...Ch. 16 - bin-Ch. 16 - decuss-Ch. 16 - hemi-Ch. 16 - lacrimo-Ch. 16 - litho-Ch. 16 - maculo-Ch. 16 - noci-Ch. 16 - scoto-Ch. 16 - -sepsisCh. 16 - Prob. 10BYMVCh. 16 - The sensory (afferent) nerve fibers for touch end...Ch. 16 - Prob. 2WWTSCh. 16 - Things we see with the left eye are perceived only...Ch. 16 - Prob. 4WWTSCh. 16 - The vitreous body occupies the posterior chamber...Ch. 16 - Prob. 6WWTSCh. 16 - Prob. 7WWTSCh. 16 - Prob. 8WWTSCh. 16 - Prob. 9WWTSCh. 16 - Prob. 10WWTSCh. 16 - The principle of neural convergence is explained...Ch. 16 - What type of cutaneous receptor enables you to...Ch. 16 - Prob. 3TYCCh. 16 - Prob. 4TYCCh. 16 - Prob. 5TYC
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- Which receptor(s) are responsible for our ability for applying the appropriate amount of pressure to grip an object? Tactile cell Meissner's corpuscle Pacinian corpuscle Merkel cellarrow_forwardWhat are the five reflex arc components for the Consensual Light Reflex? Receptor, the type of the receptor, the location The sensory neuron The control center The motor neuron The effectorarrow_forwardWhat are the similarities in how receptive fields are represented by the nervous system? What advantage does this give us with respect to senses?arrow_forward
- Why does rubbing your closed eyes (as you might if you’re tired or your eyes itch) produce a visual sensation?arrow_forwardPeripheral senses are also involved in proprioception and let us know where our body parts are in space. What are these sensors and how do they work?arrow_forwardImagine you wake up to the smell of smoke, The sound of the fire alarm, the flashing lights of sirens, the acreage taste of smoke in the air. In other words, all your senses are reacting to this emergency. Your body goes into "flight or fight mode". Question: in about two paragraphs, can you describe the sensory pathway that the sensory information from just one of these special senses takes to the brain to be integrated. for example, if you were describing the smell of the smoke, how was odor detected? Which cranial nerves are involved? Where are those located? Where do they connect to the rest of the brain?arrow_forward
- A rapid breeze causes your hairs to shift on your arms and legs. Which sensory receptor is stimulated? Select one: Lamellated corpuscle Type I cutaneous mechanoreceptors Nociceptors Hair root plexus Type II cutaneous mechanoreceptorsarrow_forwardRollercoasters and tilt-a-whirls are notorious for inducing nausea, but some people get similar problems from the little swerves and dips of a journey by car, boat, or plane. These folks break into a cold sweat and get a headache. They get nauseous and feel listless or uneasy. Please explain how our Special Senses tell us about our environment?arrow_forwardWhich of the following best distinguishes visual processing in the temporal cortex from visual processing the primary visual cortex? Neurons in the temporal lobe prefer more complex stimuli O Neurons in the temporal cortex are less selective for the spatial location of the visual stimulus O Neurons in the temporal lobe are more selective for the direction of motion of the visual stimulus O A and B B and Carrow_forward
- The discharge rate of an off-center ganglion cell: is not an absolute measure of light intensity does not depend on the background level of illumination O is highest when receptive field is in complete darkness O is the same for center-only and center-plus-surround illumination Which of the following terms are most suitably matched? Pitch, waveform Loudness, amplitude Frequency, pressure Tonotopy, phasearrow_forwardWhat does your map of cutaneous sensations tell you about the distribution of sensory receptors in the skin?arrow_forwardOur new mode of teaching and learning which is full online requires us to be using our computers, mobile phones and other gadgets most of the time which might cause the eyes and ears to be prone to problems. Given such set up, how can we help protect our eyes and ears from future problems? Suggest some practical tips on how can we stay healthy. What are available methodologies that can help correct reflex problems?arrow_forward
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