Biology: Life on Earth Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134153742
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk, Bruce E. Byers
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 16, Problem 4FTB
A random form of evolution is called _________. This form of evolution occurs more rapidly and has a greater effect in populations that are ___________. Two important causes of this form of evolution are ________ and ___________. Which of these would apply to a population started by a breeding pair that was stranded on an island? ____________
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A population of birds lives on a mountain. In this population, there are red-winged birds, orange-winged birds, and blue-winged birds. A predatory snake eats more of the blue-winged birds because they are not well camouflaged on the red and orange plants that grow on the mountain. This is an example of which mechanism of evolution?
Group of answer choices
Gene flow
Cryptic coloration
Natural selection
Sexual selection
Genetic drift
According to the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Equation, all of the following slow down or stop evolution EXCEPT (choose as many as apply):
Group of answer choices
very small population
very large population
no one leaves or comes into the population
everyone has equal numbers of offspring
there are no mutations
there are lots of mutations
there is non- random mating
Match the words.
There are three phases of evolution expressed in the modern theory of evolution. First, genetic variation is produced at three levels. At the level of DNA,________ is a chemical change in the DNA molecule, which gives rise to variation. At the level of the individual organism, __________ gives rise to variation during the formation of gamete cells. At the level of the population, migration gives rise to variation. Second, there is a reduction of genetic variation by two processes. One process,_________ is the chance (or random) removal of genetic variants due to sampling error from generation to generation. It is especially effective in small populations. The other process, _________, eliminates the less fit variants (such as those less successful at avoiding predators or finding food).
meiosis
reproductive isolation
genetic drift
natural selection
gene mutation
Chapter 16 Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (11th Edition)
Ch. 16 - The alleles responsible for antibiotic resistance...Ch. 16 - Stabilizing selection on a trait tends to a. make...Ch. 16 - An adaptation is any trait that arises from a...Ch. 16 - 4. Which of the following statements about...Ch. 16 - 5. Genetic drift occurs
a. when different...Ch. 16 - The ________ provides a simple mathematical model...Ch. 16 - 2. Different versions of the same gene are called...Ch. 16 - An organism's ________ refers to the specific...Ch. 16 - 4. A random form of evolution is called _________....Ch. 16 - Competition is most intense between members of...
Ch. 16 - 6. The evolutionary fitness of an organism is...Ch. 16 - 1. What is a gene pool? How would you determine...Ch. 16 - 2. Define equilibrium population. Outline the...Ch. 16 - How does population size affect the likelihood of...Ch. 16 - If you measured the allele frequencies of a gene...Ch. 16 - 5. People like to say that “you can’t prove a...Ch. 16 - 6. Describe the three ways in which natural...Ch. 16 - What is sexual selection? How is sexual selection...Ch. 16 - In North America, the average height of adult...Ch. 16 - By the 1940s, the whooping crane population had...
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- Which of the following is not true of natural selection? (a) natural selection acts to preserve favorable traits and eliminate unfavorable traits (b) the offspring of individuals that are better adapted to the environment will make up a larger proportion of the next generation (c) natural selection directs the course of evolution by preserving the traits acquired during an individuals lifetime (d) natural selection acts on a populations genetic variability, which arises through mutation (e) natural selection may result in changes in allele frequencies in a populationarrow_forwardIn which of the following pairs do both evolutionary processes introduce new genetic variation into a population? a. natural selection and genetic drift b. mutation and gene flow c. natural selection and gene flow d. gene flow and genetic driftarrow_forwardA farmer uses DDT to kill insects in his field. The first year nearly all of the insects were killed. By the fourth year, however, nearly all of the insects survived the DDT treatment. Explain the process of natural selection in this population of insects. Include these words - mutation, phenotype, variation, resistance, adaptation, and differential survival.arrow_forward
- The domestication or breeding of animals to have as pets, livestock on farms, or for work purposes is a form of artificial selection. Charles Darwin used these practices to support his theory of species change by natural selection. How is artificial selection similar to natural selection? When animals with favorable traits are bred with animals with unfavorable traits, the offspring will have favorable traits, so breeders were changing species by removing certain traits. For artificial selection to work, only the strong survive to reproduce. By breeding animals with specific traits, breeders were able to produce a wide variety of breeds within a short period of time. Artificial selection involves breeding two different species and determining if a hybrid organism can be produced.arrow_forwardA population of plants live in a valley. In this population there are plants with red flowers, purple flowers, and blue flowers. One day there is a mudslide and all of the plants purple flowers are killed leaving only red and blue flowered plants alive in the population. This is an example of which mechanism of evolution? Group of answer choices Artificial section Gene flow Sexual selection Genetic drift Natural selectionarrow_forwardAn allele with no effect on fitness arises in a population through mutation and increases in frequency due to genetic drift. This is an example of....? Group of answer choices neither evolution or natural selection both evolution and natural selection evolution only natural selection onlyarrow_forward
- What is neutral evolution? A. Neutral evolution does not exist. B. When certain genes are present or absent in populations due to natural selection (they are advantageous or disadvantageous). C. When certain genes are present or absent in populations regardless of selection (they are not advantageous or disadvantageous). D. When certain genes are present or absent in populations due to sexual selection (they are selected for by the opposite sex).arrow_forwardEvolution is a change in frequencies of alleles in the gene pool of a population. This definition of evolution was developed a result of the work in the 20th century by Hardy and Weinberg. Through mathematical modeling based on probability, they concluded that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation absence of evolutionary influences. Evolution will not occur in a population if seven conditions are met: 1. mutation is not occurring 2. natural selection is not occurring 3. the population is infinitely large 4. all members of the population breed 5. mating is totally random 6. everyone produces the same number of offspring 7. there is migration in or out of the population One of the criteria in the prompt above has been mis-typed. Correct the erroneous phrase so evolution will NOT occur.A) (5) There is sexual selection.B) (1) Mutation occurs within the population.C) (4) The fittest members of the population breed.D) (7)…arrow_forwardIn which of these examples can natural selection act on a trait and cause the population to evolve? A population that is faced with extinction but has no genetic variation A population where a lot of individuals have mutations, but none of the mutations relate to fitness A population with no genetic variation, but where individuals have very high numbers of offspring A population where a few individuals have mutations that allow them to develop traits for producing more offspring than other individualsarrow_forward
- How can a shift in the proportion of genes in a population could lead to the evolution of a new species? Explain why evolution happens to a whole population rather than to a single individual.arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between evolution, natural selection, and artificial selection? A. Evolution is a genetic change in a population over time which can occur through natural selection. Artificial selection is the differential reproduction of individuals in a population to promote the characteristics chosen by the breeder. B. Natural selection is the change of allele frequencies in a population over time. Evolution leads to differential survival and reproduction of individuals. Artificial selection has produced domesticated animals and plants. C. Evolution is a mechanism of artificial selection. Natural selection is a form of artificial selection in which nature selects the characteristics that are most beneficial to a species. D. Artificial selection is a mechanism of evolution and is the main process of domesticating animals and plants for human use. Natural selection is the same as evolution.arrow_forwardWhich of the following examples (some from class) are examples of evolution by natural selection? Choose all that apply. (1 or more are correct) Group of answer choices A_Evolution of rock pocket mice population to blend in with dark lava environment B_Evolution of high prevalence of disease alleles of an endangered species whose habitat was quickly destroyed to less than 5% remaining C_Evolution of high prevalence of sickle cell allele in areas with endemic malaria D_Evolution of a small population where most of the individuals with a red-hair mutation were killed off by a stormarrow_forward
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