Macroeconomics
21st Edition
ISBN: 9781259915673
Author: Campbell R. McConnell, Stanley L. Brue, Sean Masaki Flynn Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Question
Chapter 16, Problem 4P
To determine
Relation between the Reserve ratio, Money multiplier and the money creating potential of the banking system.
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Refer to the table below and assume that the Fed’s reserve ratio is 10 percent and the economy is in a severe recession. Also suppose that the commercial banks are hoarding all excess reserves (not lending them out) because of their fear of loan defaults. Finally, suppose that the Fed is highly concerned that the banks will suddenly lend out these excess reserves and possibly contribute to inflation once the economy begins to recover and confidence is restored.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
Reserve Ratio, %
Checkable Deposits
Actual Reserves
Required Reserves
Excess Reserves
Money-Creating Potential of Single Bank, = (5)
Money-Creating Potential of Banking System
(1) 10
$26,000
$11,000
$2600
$8400
$8400
84,000
(2) 20
26,000
11,000
5200
5800
5800
29,000
(3) 25
26,000
11,000
6500
4500
4500
18,000
(4) 30
26,000
11,000
7800
3200
3200
10,667
A) By how many percentage points would the Fed need to increase the reserve ratio to eliminate 30.95% of the excess reserves?…
Bank Three currently has $600 million in transaction deposits on its balance sheet. The Federal Reserve has currently set the reserve requirement at 10 percent of transaction deposits. (LG 4-3)
If the Federal Reserve decreases the reserve requirement to 8 percent, show the balance sheet of Bank Three and the Federal Reserve System just before and after the full effect of the reserve requirement change. Assume Bank Three withdraws all excess reserves and gives out loans and that borrowers eventually return all of these funds to Bank Three in the form of transaction deposits.
Redo part (a) using a 12 percent reserve requirement.
While a television news reporter might state that “Today the Fed lowered the federal funds rate from 5.5 percent to 5.25 percent,” a more precise account of the Fed’s action would be as follows:
“Today the Fed told its bond traders to conduct open-market operations in such a way that the equilibrium federal funds rate would decrease to 5.25 percent.”
“Today the Fed lowered the discount rate by a quarter of a percentage point, and this action will force the federal funds rate to drop by the same amount.”
“Today the Fed took steps to decrease the money supply by an amount that is sufficient to decrease the federal funds rate to 5.25 percent.”
“Today the Fed took a step toward contracting aggregate demand, and this was done by lowering the federal funds rate to 5.25 percent.”
Chapter 16 Solutions
Macroeconomics
Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 1QQCh. 16.1 - Prob. 2QQCh. 16.1 - Prob. 3QQCh. 16.1 - Prob. 4QQCh. 16.4 - Prob. 1QQCh. 16.4 - Prob. 2QQCh. 16.4 - Prob. 3QQCh. 16.4 - Prob. 4QQCh. 16.5 - Prob. 1QQCh. 16.5 - Prob. 2QQ
Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 3QQCh. 16.5 - Prob. 4QQCh. 16 - Prob. 1DQCh. 16 - Prob. 2DQCh. 16 - Prob. 3DQCh. 16 - Prob. 4DQCh. 16 - Prob. 5DQCh. 16 - Prob. 6DQCh. 16 - Prob. 7DQCh. 16 - Prob. 8DQCh. 16 - Prob. 1RQCh. 16 - Prob. 2RQCh. 16 - Prob. 3RQCh. 16 - Prob. 4RQCh. 16 - Prob. 5RQCh. 16 - Prob. 6RQCh. 16 - Prob. 7RQCh. 16 - Prob. 8RQCh. 16 - Prob. 9RQCh. 16 - Prob. 1PCh. 16 - Prob. 2PCh. 16 - Prob. 3PCh. 16 - Prob. 4PCh. 16 - Prob. 5PCh. 16 - Prob. 6PCh. 16 - Prob. 7P
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Similar questions
- Below is the Demand and Supply Curves for $250,000 bonds that mature in 18 years: Qd=400,000 - 2(P) Qs=3(P) - 100,000 1. The current market price of these bonds? 2. The current equilibrium interest rate in that bond market? 3. If the Federal Reserve wished to move the interest rate to 5%, would they need to buy or sell bonds? 4. In order to achieve the Fed's goal in #3, the bond price would need to change to what?arrow_forwardIn today's ample reserves regime, does the Fed set a target level or range for the federal funds rate, and how is it achieved? The Fed achieves its federal funds rate target _______. A. level by setting the discount rate and the interest on reserves rate B. range because whatever the supply of reserves, the rate is between the discount rate and the interest on reserves rate C. level by conducting daily open market operations D. range by setting the supply of reserves equal to the quantity of reserves demanded at the range midpoint thanks!arrow_forwardSuppose the Fed decided to sell $100 billion worth of government securities in the open market. Assume all payments are directly deposited into or withdrawn from the banking system. What impact would this action have on the economy? Specifically, answer the following questions. Instructions: Enter your responses as a whole number. If the lending capacity or aggregate demand falls be sure to include a negative sign (-) with your answer. b. By how much will the banking system’s lending capacity change if the reserve requirement is 20 percent? d. By how much will aggregate demand initially change if investors change their behavior because of this change in available credit?arrow_forward
- Suppose that rather than immediately lending out all excess reserves, banks begin holding some excess reserves in response to uncertain economic conditions. Specifically, banks increase the percentage of deposits held as reserves from 10% to 20%. This increase in the reserve ratio causes the multiplier to fall from 10 to 5. Under these conditions, How Many Dollars Worth of government bonds would the Fed would need to Buy or Sell in order to increase the money supply by $100?arrow_forwardOutline the ways in which FED easing affects the yield curve (include the theories of the yield curve as part of this). Is it possible for an increase in the real money supply (FED easing) to have exactly the opposite effect? Explain the basis for why this is or is not possible.arrow_forwardOn the following graph, use the grey point (star symbol) to indicate the equilibrium interest rate and quantity of money that would result from this lack of intervention. Suppose the Fed wants to keep 2014 interest rates at their 2013 level. On the previous graph, place the green line (triangle symbols) to indicate the new money supply curve if the Fed follows this policy. Then use the black point (plus symbol) to indicate the equilibrium interest rate and quantity of money in this case. Because , most central banks set monetary policy aimed at targeting a specific .arrow_forward
- 8. Macroeconomic factors that influence interest rate levels Apart from risk components, several macroeconomic factors—such as Federal Reserve (the Fed) policy, federal budget deficit or surplus, international factors, and levels of business activity—influence interest rates. Based on your understanding of the impact of macroeconomic factors, identify which of the following statements are true or false: Statements True False When the Fed increases the money supply, short-term interest rates tend to decline. Actions that lower short-term interest rates will always lower long-term interest rates. Long-term interest rates are not as sensitive to booms and recessions as are short-term interest rates. The Federal Reserve’s ability to use monetary policy to control economic activity in the United States is limited because US interest rates are highly dependent on interest rates in other parts of the world.arrow_forwardSuppose that actual inflation is 2.5 percent, the Fed's inflation target is 2 percentage points, and unemployment rate is 2.5 (which is 1.5 percent below the Fed's full-employment target of 4 percent). According to the Taylor Rule, what value will the Fed want to set for its targeted interest rate?arrow_forward
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