The way in which researchers working on phylogenetic researches may be misled. Introduction: Phylogenetic trees can be drawn to trace the evolutionary history of organisms. If some changes are seen on a branch, it can be assumed that mutations are rare and hence, it can be assumed that multiple mutations will rarely occur at the same locus. On a longer branch, having greater number of mutations, it is assumed that multiple mutations occur at the same locus.

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Chapter 16, Problem 4PDT

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way in which researchers working on phylogenetic researches may be misled.

Introduction: Phylogenetic trees can be drawn to trace the evolutionary history of organisms. If some changes are seen on a branch, it can be assumed that mutations are rare and hence, it can be assumed that multiple mutations will rarely occur at the same locus. On a longer branch, having greater number of mutations, it is assumed that multiple mutations occur at the same locus.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The relation of the saturation of the curve showing sequence divergence of the third position of codons with the errors cause due to the length of the branch.

Introduction: Phylogenetic trees can be drawn to trace the evolutionary history of organisms. If some changes are seen on a branch, it can be assumed that mutations are rare and hence, it can be assumed that multiple mutations will rarely occur at the same locus. On a longer branch, having greater number of mutations, it is assumed that multiple mutations occur at the same locus.

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For the first phylogenetic tree, if we assume absolute time is NOT represented, can we say that the species in circle B are more closely related than the species in Circle A? For the second phylogenetic tree (if we hold the same assumptions), can we say that B and C are more closely related than A and C?

Below is an example of a particular kind of phylogenetic tree called a chronogram. Chronoograms are named because the length of the branches represents different lengths of time. Nodes are represented by vertical lines, and branches with horizontal ones. They can be arranged horizontally, with the most recent evolutions on the right. Given this information, the taxa that is most closely related to Dubautia ciliolata c. 529 (highlighted below) is _________________ (make sure to type exactly the same characters, including the numbers; do not italicize).

Which of the following best explains why coalescent-based phylogenetic inference is important in the age of phylogenomics? A) Coalescent-based methods directly model gene tree histories independently to infer the species tree in a summary-based manner, which is important for phylogenomic analysis were hundreds to thousands of gene histories are analyzed. B) Coalescent-based methods have the most advanced evolutionary models of molecular evolution, which is important for phylogenomic analysis were hundreds to thousands of gene histories are analyzed. C) Coalescent-based methods are no more important than other types of phylogenetic inference, even for phylogenomic analyses. D) None of the above.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 4PDT

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way in which researchers working on phylogenetic researches may be misled.

Introduction: Phylogenetic trees can be drawn to trace the evolutionary history of organisms. If some changes are seen on a branch, it can be assumed that mutations are rare and hence, it can be assumed that multiple mutations will rarely occur at the same locus. On a longer branch, having greater number of mutations, it is assumed that multiple mutations occur at the same locus.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The relation of the saturation of the curve showing sequence divergence of the third position of codons with the errors cause due to the length of the branch.

Introduction: Phylogenetic trees can be drawn to trace the evolutionary history of organisms. If some changes are seen on a branch, it can be assumed that mutations are rare and hence, it can be assumed that multiple mutations will rarely occur at the same locus. On a longer branch, having greater number of mutations, it is assumed that multiple mutations occur at the same locus.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 4PDT

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way in which researchers working on phylogenetic researches may be misled.

Introduction: Phylogenetic trees can be drawn to trace the evolutionary history of organisms. If some changes are seen on a branch, it can be assumed that mutations are rare and hence, it can be assumed that multiple mutations will rarely occur at the same locus. On a longer branch, having greater number of mutations, it is assumed that multiple mutations occur at the same locus.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The relation of the saturation of the curve showing sequence divergence of the third position of codons with the errors cause due to the length of the branch.

Introduction: Phylogenetic trees can be drawn to trace the evolutionary history of organisms. If some changes are seen on a branch, it can be assumed that mutations are rare and hence, it can be assumed that multiple mutations will rarely occur at the same locus. On a longer branch, having greater number of mutations, it is assumed that multiple mutations occur at the same locus.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 4PDT

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way in which researchers working on phylogenetic researches may be misled.

Introduction: Phylogenetic trees can be drawn to trace the evolutionary history of organisms. If some changes are seen on a branch, it can be assumed that mutations are rare and hence, it can be assumed that multiple mutations will rarely occur at the same locus. On a longer branch, having greater number of mutations, it is assumed that multiple mutations occur at the same locus.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The relation of the saturation of the curve showing sequence divergence of the third position of codons with the errors cause due to the length of the branch.

Introduction: Phylogenetic trees can be drawn to trace the evolutionary history of organisms. If some changes are seen on a branch, it can be assumed that mutations are rare and hence, it can be assumed that multiple mutations will rarely occur at the same locus. On a longer branch, having greater number of mutations, it is assumed that multiple mutations occur at the same locus.

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Answer 5

Chapter 16, Problem 4PDT

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way in which researchers working on phylogenetic researches may be misled.

Introduction: Phylogenetic trees can be drawn to trace the evolutionary history of organisms. If some changes are seen on a branch, it can be assumed that mutations are rare and hence, it can be assumed that multiple mutations will rarely occur at the same locus. On a longer branch, having greater number of mutations, it is assumed that multiple mutations occur at the same locus.

Summary Introduction

To determine: The relation of the saturation of the curve showing sequence divergence of the third position of codons with the errors cause due to the length of the branch.

Introduction: Phylogenetic trees can be drawn to trace the evolutionary history of organisms. If some changes are seen on a branch, it can be assumed that mutations are rare and hence, it can be assumed that multiple mutations will rarely occur at the same locus. On a longer branch, having greater number of mutations, it is assumed that multiple mutations occur at the same locus.

Answer 6

Chapter 16, Problem 4PDT

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way in which researchers working on phylogenetic researches may be misled.

Introduction: Phylogenetic trees can be drawn to trace the evolutionary history of organisms. If some changes are seen on a branch, it can be assumed that mutations are rare and hence, it can be assumed that multiple mutations will rarely occur at the same locus. On a longer branch, having greater number of mutations, it is assumed that multiple mutations occur at the same locus.

Answer 7

Chapter 16, Problem 4PDT

Summary Introduction

To determine: The way in which researchers working on phylogenetic researches may be misled.

Introduction: Phylogenetic trees can be drawn to trace the evolutionary history of organisms. If some changes are seen on a branch, it can be assumed that mutations are rare and hence, it can be assumed that multiple mutations will rarely occur at the same locus. On a longer branch, having greater number of mutations, it is assumed that multiple mutations occur at the same locus.

Answer 8

Summary Introduction

To determine: The relation of the saturation of the curve showing sequence divergence of the third position of codons with the errors cause due to the length of the branch.

Introduction: Phylogenetic trees can be drawn to trace the evolutionary history of organisms. If some changes are seen on a branch, it can be assumed that mutations are rare and hence, it can be assumed that multiple mutations will rarely occur at the same locus. On a longer branch, having greater number of mutations, it is assumed that multiple mutations occur at the same locus.

Answer 9

Summary Introduction

To determine: The relation of the saturation of the curve showing sequence divergence of the third position of codons with the errors cause due to the length of the branch.

Introduction: Phylogenetic trees can be drawn to trace the evolutionary history of organisms. If some changes are seen on a branch, it can be assumed that mutations are rare and hence, it can be assumed that multiple mutations will rarely occur at the same locus. On a longer branch, having greater number of mutations, it is assumed that multiple mutations occur at the same locus.

Answer 10

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Answer 13

Ch. 16 - Prob. 1PDT Ch. 16 - Prob. 2PDT Ch. 16 - Prob. 3PDT Ch. 16 - Prob. 4PDT Ch. 16 - Prob. 5PDT Ch. 16 - Prob. 6PDT Ch. 16 - Prob. 7PDT Ch. 16 - Prob. 8PDT Ch. 16 - Prob. 9PDT

Solution Summary: The author explains how phylogenetic trees can be drawn to trace the evolutionary history of organisms.

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