What a biologist should do if she finds that different methods of analyzing the same data provide different estimates of the relationship among certain taxa. Introduction: The evolutionary relationship between different organisms and the history of different groups of organisms is depicted by an evolutionary tree. Several different analytical methods exist to depict this, thus giving different estimates of the relationship between different groups of organisms.

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Chapter 16, Problem 6PDT

Summary Introduction

To determine: What a biologist should do if she finds that different methods of analyzing the same data provide different estimates of the relationship among certain taxa.

Introduction: The evolutionary relationship between different organisms and the history of different groups of organisms is depicted by an evolutionary tree. Several different analytical methods exist to depict this, thus giving different estimates of the relationship between different groups of organisms.

Summary Introduction

To determine: What a biologist should do if she finds that different methods of analyzing the same data give the same estimate of the relationship among certain taxa but the estimates differ depending on which of the two different genes has been sequenced.

Introduction: In phylogenetics, the relationship between different groups of organisms is studied. The evolutionary relationship between different organisms and the history of different groups of organisms is depicted by an evolutionary tree. Several different analytical methods exist to depict this, thus giving different estimates of the relationship between different groups of organisms.

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Does the use of DNA sequences in the study of evolutionary relationships mean that other characteristics are unimportant in such studies? Discuss what other forms of evidence you may still want to use, along with when and why those other forms of evidence would be especially helpful.

Were any of your physical traits autapomorphic or synapomorphic when plotted on the gene trees? Which ones and for which species? Phylogeneticists often refer to these physical traits as “evolutionarily significant,” what do you suppose they mean by this? Were any of your physical traits analogous? Which ones? Why do you suppose some traits can occur multiple times on a tree while others don’t? Given your results from two genes and physical traits, what relationships between species are you certain of? Which ones are you uncertain of? Why? If gene trees have more information in terms of base pairs for generating phylogenies, why do you suppose phylogeneticists even bother using and including physical traits in their analyses?

Suppose we are sure, because of previous studies, that species 1, 2, and 3 are more closely related to each other than to species 4 (outgroup). We sequence a gene and find ten nucleotide sites that differ among the four species. Draw the most parsimonious tree and label each evolutionary change on the tree (Position – new nucleotide; Example = 8T or 6C). *The answer is below but I do not understand where the numbers or tick marks came from? Could someone explain. For example, why is the 1A on the 2?

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Chapter 16, Problem 6PDT

Summary Introduction

To determine: What a biologist should do if she finds that different methods of analyzing the same data provide different estimates of the relationship among certain taxa.

Introduction: The evolutionary relationship between different organisms and the history of different groups of organisms is depicted by an evolutionary tree. Several different analytical methods exist to depict this, thus giving different estimates of the relationship between different groups of organisms.

Summary Introduction

To determine: What a biologist should do if she finds that different methods of analyzing the same data give the same estimate of the relationship among certain taxa but the estimates differ depending on which of the two different genes has been sequenced.

Introduction: In phylogenetics, the relationship between different groups of organisms is studied. The evolutionary relationship between different organisms and the history of different groups of organisms is depicted by an evolutionary tree. Several different analytical methods exist to depict this, thus giving different estimates of the relationship between different groups of organisms.

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Chapter 16, Problem 6PDT

Summary Introduction

To determine: What a biologist should do if she finds that different methods of analyzing the same data provide different estimates of the relationship among certain taxa.

Introduction: The evolutionary relationship between different organisms and the history of different groups of organisms is depicted by an evolutionary tree. Several different analytical methods exist to depict this, thus giving different estimates of the relationship between different groups of organisms.

Summary Introduction

To determine: What a biologist should do if she finds that different methods of analyzing the same data give the same estimate of the relationship among certain taxa but the estimates differ depending on which of the two different genes has been sequenced.

Introduction: In phylogenetics, the relationship between different groups of organisms is studied. The evolutionary relationship between different organisms and the history of different groups of organisms is depicted by an evolutionary tree. Several different analytical methods exist to depict this, thus giving different estimates of the relationship between different groups of organisms.

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Chapter 16, Problem 6PDT

Summary Introduction

To determine: What a biologist should do if she finds that different methods of analyzing the same data provide different estimates of the relationship among certain taxa.

Introduction: The evolutionary relationship between different organisms and the history of different groups of organisms is depicted by an evolutionary tree. Several different analytical methods exist to depict this, thus giving different estimates of the relationship between different groups of organisms.

Summary Introduction

To determine: What a biologist should do if she finds that different methods of analyzing the same data give the same estimate of the relationship among certain taxa but the estimates differ depending on which of the two different genes has been sequenced.

Introduction: In phylogenetics, the relationship between different groups of organisms is studied. The evolutionary relationship between different organisms and the history of different groups of organisms is depicted by an evolutionary tree. Several different analytical methods exist to depict this, thus giving different estimates of the relationship between different groups of organisms.

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Answer 6

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Answer 7

Chapter 16, Problem 6PDT

Summary Introduction

To determine: What a biologist should do if she finds that different methods of analyzing the same data provide different estimates of the relationship among certain taxa.

Introduction: The evolutionary relationship between different organisms and the history of different groups of organisms is depicted by an evolutionary tree. Several different analytical methods exist to depict this, thus giving different estimates of the relationship between different groups of organisms.

Summary Introduction

To determine: What a biologist should do if she finds that different methods of analyzing the same data give the same estimate of the relationship among certain taxa but the estimates differ depending on which of the two different genes has been sequenced.

Introduction: In phylogenetics, the relationship between different groups of organisms is studied. The evolutionary relationship between different organisms and the history of different groups of organisms is depicted by an evolutionary tree. Several different analytical methods exist to depict this, thus giving different estimates of the relationship between different groups of organisms.

Answer 8

Chapter 16, Problem 6PDT

Summary Introduction

To determine: What a biologist should do if she finds that different methods of analyzing the same data provide different estimates of the relationship among certain taxa.

Introduction: The evolutionary relationship between different organisms and the history of different groups of organisms is depicted by an evolutionary tree. Several different analytical methods exist to depict this, thus giving different estimates of the relationship between different groups of organisms.

Answer 9

Chapter 16, Problem 6PDT

Summary Introduction

To determine: What a biologist should do if she finds that different methods of analyzing the same data provide different estimates of the relationship among certain taxa.

Introduction: The evolutionary relationship between different organisms and the history of different groups of organisms is depicted by an evolutionary tree. Several different analytical methods exist to depict this, thus giving different estimates of the relationship between different groups of organisms.

Answer 10

Summary Introduction

To determine: What a biologist should do if she finds that different methods of analyzing the same data give the same estimate of the relationship among certain taxa but the estimates differ depending on which of the two different genes has been sequenced.

Introduction: In phylogenetics, the relationship between different groups of organisms is studied. The evolutionary relationship between different organisms and the history of different groups of organisms is depicted by an evolutionary tree. Several different analytical methods exist to depict this, thus giving different estimates of the relationship between different groups of organisms.

Answer 11

Summary Introduction

To determine: What a biologist should do if she finds that different methods of analyzing the same data give the same estimate of the relationship among certain taxa but the estimates differ depending on which of the two different genes has been sequenced.

Introduction: In phylogenetics, the relationship between different groups of organisms is studied. The evolutionary relationship between different organisms and the history of different groups of organisms is depicted by an evolutionary tree. Several different analytical methods exist to depict this, thus giving different estimates of the relationship between different groups of organisms.

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Ch. 16 - Prob. 1PDT Ch. 16 - Prob. 2PDT Ch. 16 - Prob. 3PDT Ch. 16 - Prob. 4PDT Ch. 16 - Prob. 5PDT Ch. 16 - Prob. 6PDT Ch. 16 - Prob. 7PDT Ch. 16 - Prob. 8PDT Ch. 16 - Prob. 9PDT

Solution Summary: The author explains how different methods of analyzing the same data provide different estimates of the relationship among certain taxa.

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