UNIVERSE LL W/SAPLINGPLUS MULTI SEMESTER
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319278670
Author: Freedman
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 16, Problem 50Q
To determine
To explain: The reason behind the difference in the variability between x ray and visible
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The power output of the Sun is 4×10^26 W. (a) If 90% of this energy is supplied by the proton-proton chain, how many protons are consumed per second? (b) How many neutrinos per second should there be per square meter at the surface of Earth from this process?
Only part (b) is needed.
The power output of the Sun is 4 × 1026 W.
Part (a) If 93 % of this is supplied by the proton-proton cycle, how many protons are consumed per second?
Part (b) How many neutrinos per second should be incident on every square meter of the Earth from this process? This huge number is indicative of how rarely a neutrino interacts, since large detectors observe very few per day.
Explain the fusion reaction that occurs in the Sun?
Chapter 16 Solutions
UNIVERSE LL W/SAPLINGPLUS MULTI SEMESTER
Ch. 16 - Prob. 1CCCh. 16 - Prob. 2CCCh. 16 - Prob. 3CCCh. 16 - Prob. 4CCCh. 16 - Prob. 5CCCh. 16 - Prob. 6CCCh. 16 - Prob. 7CCCh. 16 - Prob. 8CCCh. 16 - Prob. 9CCCh. 16 - Prob. 10CC
Ch. 16 - Prob. 11CCCh. 16 - Prob. 12CCCh. 16 - Prob. 13CCCh. 16 - Prob. 14CCCh. 16 - Prob. 15CCCh. 16 - Prob. 16CCCh. 16 - Prob. 17CCCh. 16 - Prob. 18CCCh. 16 - Prob. 19CCCh. 16 - Prob. 1CLCCh. 16 - Prob. 2CLCCh. 16 - Prob. 1QCh. 16 - Prob. 2QCh. 16 - Prob. 3QCh. 16 - Prob. 4QCh. 16 - Prob. 5QCh. 16 - Prob. 6QCh. 16 - Prob. 7QCh. 16 - Prob. 8QCh. 16 - Prob. 9QCh. 16 - Prob. 10QCh. 16 - Prob. 11QCh. 16 - Prob. 12QCh. 16 - Prob. 13QCh. 16 - Prob. 14QCh. 16 - Prob. 15QCh. 16 - Prob. 16QCh. 16 - Prob. 17QCh. 16 - Prob. 18QCh. 16 - Prob. 19QCh. 16 - Prob. 20QCh. 16 - Prob. 21QCh. 16 - Prob. 22QCh. 16 - Prob. 23QCh. 16 - Prob. 24QCh. 16 - Prob. 25QCh. 16 - Prob. 26QCh. 16 - Prob. 27QCh. 16 - Prob. 28QCh. 16 - Prob. 29QCh. 16 - Prob. 30QCh. 16 - Prob. 31QCh. 16 - Prob. 32QCh. 16 - Prob. 33QCh. 16 - Prob. 34QCh. 16 - Prob. 35QCh. 16 - Prob. 36QCh. 16 - Prob. 37QCh. 16 - Prob. 38QCh. 16 - Prob. 39QCh. 16 - Prob. 40QCh. 16 - Prob. 41QCh. 16 - Prob. 42QCh. 16 - Prob. 43QCh. 16 - Prob. 44QCh. 16 - Prob. 45QCh. 16 - Prob. 46QCh. 16 - Prob. 47QCh. 16 - Prob. 48QCh. 16 - Prob. 50QCh. 16 - Prob. 51QCh. 16 - Prob. 52QCh. 16 - Prob. 53QCh. 16 - Prob. 54QCh. 16 - Prob. 55QCh. 16 - Prob. 56QCh. 16 - Prob. 57QCh. 16 - Prob. 58QCh. 16 - Prob. 59QCh. 16 - Prob. 60Q
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- Another set of reactions that result in the fusing ofhydrogen into helium in the Sun and especially in hotter starsis called the carbon cycle. It is12C + 1H → 13N + γ,13N → 13C + e+ + ve,13C + 1H → 14N + γ,14N + 1H → 15O + γ,15O → 15N + e+ + ve,15N + 1H → 12C + 4He.Write down the overall effect of the carbon cycle (as wasdone for the proton-proton cycle in2e− + 41H → 4 He + 2ve + 6γ ). Note the number of protons ( 1H ) required and assume that the positrons ( e+ ) annihilate electrons to form more γ rays.arrow_forwardThe power output of the Sun is 41026 W. (a) If 90% of this energy is supplied by the proton-proton chain, how many protons are consumed per second? (b) How many neutrinos per second should there be per square meter at the surface of Earth from this process?arrow_forwardWhy is a higher temperature required to fuse hydrogen to helium by means of the CNO cycle than is required by the process that occurs in the Sun, which involves only isotopes of hydrogen and helium?arrow_forward
- Arrange the following according to their ability to act as radiation shields, with the best first and worst last. Explain your ordering in terms of how radiation loses its energy in matter. (a) A solid material with low density composed of low-mass atoms. (b) A gas composed of highmass alums. (c) A gas composed of lowmass atoms. (d) A solid with high density composed of highmass atoms.arrow_forward(a) If the average molecular mass of compounds in food is 50.0 g, how many molecules are mere in 1.00 kg at food? (b) How many ion pairs are created in 1.00 kg of food, if it is exposed to 1000 Sv and it takes 32.0 eV to create an ion pair? (c) Find the ratio of ion pairs to molecules. (d) If these ion pairs recombine into a distribution of 2000 new compounds, how many parts per billion is each?arrow_forwardThe power output of the Sun is 4×1026 W.(a) If 90% of this is supplied by the proton-proton cycle, howmany protons are consumed per second?(b) How many neutrinos per second should there be persquare meter at the Earth from this process? This hugenumber is indicative of how rarely a neutrino interacts, sincelarge detectors observe very few per day.arrow_forward
- (a) In the case where two deuterons fuse to form a triton and a proton, what is the value of the energy released? (b) Consider a sample containing 135 cm^3 of water, where 0.015% of the molecules are D2O. Calculate the total energy released in J if all the deuteron nuclei in the sample melt according to the reaction indicated in part (a). (c) Calculate the kinetic energy released when a photon with a wavelength of 3.50x10-13 m hits a deuteron and "breaks down" it into a proton and a neutron.arrow_forwardFor several hundred years, astronomers have kept track of the number of solar flares, or sunspots which occur on the surface of the sun. The number of sunspots counted varies periodically from a minimum of about 10 per year to a maximum of about 110 per year. Between the maximum that occurred in the years 1750 and 1948, there were 18 completed cycles. A.) What is the period of the sunspot cycle? B.) Assume that the number of sunspots varies sinusoidally with the year. Sketch a graph of two sun spot cycles, starting in 1948. C.) Write an equation expressing the number of sunspots per year in terms of the year. D.) what is the first year after 2000 in which the number of sunspots will be about 35? A maximum?arrow_forwardThe sun produces energy via nuclear fusion at the rate of 4×1026 J/s . Based on the proposed overall fusion equation, how long will the sunshine in years before it exhausts its hydrogen fuel? (Assume that there are 365 days in the average year.)arrow_forward
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