An estimate for the amount of hydrogen (in kilograms) consumed by the Sun over the past 4.56 billion years. Also, find the amount of the Sun’s mass which is lost as a result of this. Consider that the luminosity of the Sun remains constant.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 11Q

(a)

To determine

An estimate for the amount of hydrogen (in kilograms) consumed by the Sun over the past 4.56 billion years. Also, find the amount of the Sun’s mass which is lost as a result of this. Consider that the luminosity of the Sun remains constant.

(b)

To determine

Whether the result obtained in the previous subpart is an overestimate or an underestimate, considering that when the formation of the Sun occurred, its luminosity was about 70% of its present value.

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Assume that the core of the Sun has one-eighth of the Sun’s mass and is compressed within a sphere whose radius is one-fourth of the solar radius.Assume further that the composition of the core is 31% hydrogen by mass and that essentially all the Sun’s energy is generated there. If the Sun continues to burn hydrogen at the current rate of 6.33E11 kg/s, how long, in years, will it be before the hydrogen is entirely consumed? Mass of the Sun is 2.0x1030 kg.

Assume that the core of the Sun has one-eighth of the Sun’s mass and is compressed within a sphere whose radius is one-fourth of the solar radius.Assume further that the composition of the core is 35% hydrogen by mass and that essentially all the Sun’s energy is generated there. If the Sun continues to burn hydrogen at the current rate of 6.2 *1011 kg/s, how long will it be before the hydrogen is entirely consumed? The Sun’s mass is 2.0 * 1030 kg.

if the nuclear fusion reaction of converting 4 H → He occurs at anefficiency of 0.7%, and that mass is converted into energy accordingto the equation E = mc2, then estimate the Main Sequence lifetime of the Sun (spectral type G2)in years if the Sun (⊙) has a surface luminosity L⊙ = 3.839×1033erg. Assume the Sun’s core (10% of the total mass) is convertedfrom H into He. The Sun’s mass is M⊙ = 1.9891 × 1033 g

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 11Q

(a)

To determine

An estimate for the amount of hydrogen (in kilograms) consumed by the Sun over the past 4.56 billion years. Also, find the amount of the Sun’s mass which is lost as a result of this. Consider that the luminosity of the Sun remains constant.

(b)

To determine

Whether the result obtained in the previous subpart is an overestimate or an underestimate, considering that when the formation of the Sun occurred, its luminosity was about 70% of its present value.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 11Q

(a)

To determine

An estimate for the amount of hydrogen (in kilograms) consumed by the Sun over the past 4.56 billion years. Also, find the amount of the Sun’s mass which is lost as a result of this. Consider that the luminosity of the Sun remains constant.

(b)

To determine

Whether the result obtained in the previous subpart is an overestimate or an underestimate, considering that when the formation of the Sun occurred, its luminosity was about 70% of its present value.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 11Q

(a)

To determine

An estimate for the amount of hydrogen (in kilograms) consumed by the Sun over the past 4.56 billion years. Also, find the amount of the Sun’s mass which is lost as a result of this. Consider that the luminosity of the Sun remains constant.

(b)

To determine

Whether the result obtained in the previous subpart is an overestimate or an underestimate, considering that when the formation of the Sun occurred, its luminosity was about 70% of its present value.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 5

Chapter 16, Problem 11Q

(a)

To determine

An estimate for the amount of hydrogen (in kilograms) consumed by the Sun over the past 4.56 billion years. Also, find the amount of the Sun’s mass which is lost as a result of this. Consider that the luminosity of the Sun remains constant.

(b)

To determine

Whether the result obtained in the previous subpart is an overestimate or an underestimate, considering that when the formation of the Sun occurred, its luminosity was about 70% of its present value.

Answer 6

Chapter 16, Problem 11Q

(a)

To determine

An estimate for the amount of hydrogen (in kilograms) consumed by the Sun over the past 4.56 billion years. Also, find the amount of the Sun’s mass which is lost as a result of this. Consider that the luminosity of the Sun remains constant.

Answer 7

Chapter 16, Problem 11Q

(a)

To determine

An estimate for the amount of hydrogen (in kilograms) consumed by the Sun over the past 4.56 billion years. Also, find the amount of the Sun’s mass which is lost as a result of this. Consider that the luminosity of the Sun remains constant.

Answer 8

(b)

To determine

Whether the result obtained in the previous subpart is an overestimate or an underestimate, considering that when the formation of the Sun occurred, its luminosity was about 70% of its present value.

Answer 9

(b)

To determine

Whether the result obtained in the previous subpart is an overestimate or an underestimate, considering that when the formation of the Sun occurred, its luminosity was about 70% of its present value.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 16 - Prob. 1CC Ch. 16 - Prob. 2CC Ch. 16 - Prob. 3CC Ch. 16 - Prob. 4CC Ch. 16 - Prob. 5CC Ch. 16 - Prob. 6CC Ch. 16 - Prob. 7CC Ch. 16 - Prob. 8CC Ch. 16 - Prob. 9CC Ch. 16 - Prob. 10CC

An estimate for the amount of hydrogen (in kilograms) consumed by the Sun over the past 4.56 billion years. Also, find the amount of the Sun’s mass which is lost as a result of this. Consider that the luminosity of the Sun remains constant.

Solution Summary: The author calculates the amount of energy radiated by the Sun over the past 4.56 billion years using Einstein's mass-energy equation.

Concept explainers

An estimate for the amount of hydrogen (in kilograms) consumed by the Sun over the past 4.56 billion years. Also, find the amount of the Sun’s mass which is lost as a result of this. Consider that the luminosity of the Sun remains constant.

Whether the result obtained in the previous subpart is an overestimate or an underestimate, considering that when the formation of the Sun occurred, its luminosity was about 70% of its present value.

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Chapter 16 Solutions