Interpretation:
The oxidation state of every elements is to be determined for each given compounds.
Concept introduction:
Electron acceptor tendency of atoms is oxidation state of that atom.
Oxidation state is defined as a charge which an atom of the element has in its ion or appears to have when present in the combined state with other atoms.
Rule for calculation of oxidation state is as follows:
Oxidation state of atom in free element is
In monoatomic ion oxidation is given to its charge.
The sum of oxidation of all atoms is
In ionic compound oxidation state is equal to the charge on the compound.
Charge of non-metal oxygen is
The oxidation of non-metals is calculated with the help of hierarchical table.
The charge on alkali metal, group 1A metal is
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INTRODUCTORY CHEM.(LL)-W/ACCESS>CUSTOM<
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- Gold can be dissolved from gold-bearing rock by treating the rock with sodium cyanide in the presence of oxygen. 4 Au(s) + 8 NaCN(aq) + O2(g) + 2 H2O() 4 NaAu(CN)2(aq) + 4 NaOH(aq) (a) Name the oxidizing and reducing agents in this reaction. What has been oxidized, and what has been reduced? (b) If you have exactly one metric ton (1 metric ton = 1000 kg) of gold-bearing rock, what volume of 0.075 M NaCN, in liters, do you need to extract the gold if the rock is 0.019% gold?arrow_forwardComplete and balance the following oxidation-reduction reactions, which give the highest possible oxidation state for the oxidized atoms. (a) Al(s)+F2(g) (b) Al(s)+CuBr2(aq) (single displacement) (c) P4(s)+O2(g) (d) Ca(s)+H2O(l) (products are a strong base and a diatomic gas)arrow_forwardThe Toliens test for the presence of reducing sugars (say, in a urine sample) involves treating the sample with silver ions in aqueous ammonia. The result is the formation of a silver mirror within the reaction vessel if a reducing sugar is present. Using glucose, C6H12O6, to illustrate this test, the oxidation-reduction reaction occurring is C6H12O6 (aq) + 2 Ag+(aq) + 2OH(aq) C6H12O7(aq) + 2 Ag(s) + H2O() What has been oxidized, and what has been reduced? What is the oxidizing agent, and what is the reducing agent? Tolien's test. The reaction of silver ions with a sugar such as glucose produces metallic silver. (a) The set-up for the reaction. (b) The silvered test tubearrow_forward
- You have two 500.0-mL aqueous solutions. Solution A is a solution of a metal nitrate that is 8.246% nitrogen by mass. The ionic compound in solution B consists of potassium, chromium, and oxygen; chromium has an oxidation state of + 6 and there are 2 potassiums and 1 chromium in the formula. The masses of the solutes in each of the solutions are the same. When the solutions are added together, a blood-red precipitate forms. After the reaction bas gone to completion, you dry the solid and find that it has a mass of 331.8 g. a. Identify the ionic compounds in solution A and solution B. b. Identify the blood-red precipitate. c. Calculate the concentration (molarity) of all ions in the original solutions. d. Calculate the concentration (molarity) of all ions in the final solution.arrow_forwardA transition metal X forms an oxide of formula X2O3. It is found that only 50% of X atoms in this compound are in the +3 oxidation state. The only other stable oxidation states of X are +2 and +5. What percentage of X atoms are in the +2 oxidation state in this compound?arrow_forward
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