BIOLOGY VOL. II
16th Edition
ISBN: 9781308795317
Author: Raven
Publisher: Mcgraw-Hill/Create
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 6A
In the cell cycle, cyclin proteins are produced in concert with the cycle. This likely involves
a. control of initiation of transcription of cyclin genes, and ubiquitination of cyclin proteins.
b. alternative splicing of cyclin genes to produce different cyclin proteins.
c. RNA editing to produce the different cyclin proteins.
d. transcription/translation coupling.
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A cell is homozygous for a LOF mutation in the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) gene. Which of the following is/are true?
a. Chromatin in the cell will be more condensed than usual, decreasing expression of genes that should be expressed.
b. This will lead to histones with more positive charges on their tails, increasing the interaction between histones and the DNA backbone.
c. This will lead to a decrease in DNA methylation and therefore cause an increase in gene expression.
d. Chromatin in the cell will be less condensed than usual, increasing expression of genes that should not be expressed.
Which of these is NOT true of nucleosomes?
A. Some post-translational modifications to histone proteins serve as binding sites for transcription factors.
B. The position of nucleosomes is fixed on the genome and can not be changed.
C. The position and post-translational modifications of histones can be inherited through mitosis.
D. The binding between DNA and histone proteins can be disrupted by post-translational modifications.
You add a chemical to a cell that prevents all of the chromatin from uncoiling so that the chromosomes remain highly coiled, even after the completion of mitosis. If you add a transcription factor that triggers the transcription of mRNA for the protein Pitx in this situation what would happen.
Group of answer choices
A)All transcription of Pitx is stopped by the transcription factor
B)Nothing because the Pitx gene is already being transcribed at the maximum ratea
C)Nothing, because the Pitx gene cannot be transcribed in this highly coild state
D)The amount of transcription of Pitx is greatly increasedt
Chapter 16 Solutions
BIOLOGY VOL. II
Ch. 16 - In prokaryotes, control of gene expression usually...Ch. 16 - Prob. 2UCh. 16 - In E. coli, induction in the lac operon and...Ch. 16 - The lac operon is controlled by two main proteins....Ch. 16 - In eukaryotes, binding of RNA polymerase to a...Ch. 16 - In eukaryotes, the regulation of gene expression...Ch. 16 - In the trp operon, the repressor binds to DNA a....Ch. 16 - Prob. 1ACh. 16 - Specific transcription factors in eukaryotes...Ch. 16 - Repression in the trp operon and induction in the...
Ch. 16 - Regulation by small RNAs and alternative splicing...Ch. 16 - Eukaryotic mRNAs differ from prokaryotic mRNAs in...Ch. 16 - In the cell cycle, cyclin proteins are produced in...Ch. 16 - A mechanism of control in E. coli not discussed in...Ch. 16 - You have isolated a series of mutants affecting...Ch. 16 - Examples of positive and negative control of...Ch. 16 - What forms of eukaryotic control of gene...Ch. 16 - The number and type of proteins found in a cell...
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- Explain wellarrow_forwardWhich of the following may produce more than one functional protein from an mRNA transcript?a. chromatin condensation b. transcriptional regulation c. epigeneticsd. alternative mRNA processingarrow_forwardDefine the following terms: a. promoter b. consensus sequence c. operon d. chromatin-remodeling complex e. general transcription factorsarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements correctly describes the structure of chromatin around the promoter of an active eukaryotic gene? O A. It is in the form of heterochromatin and the nucleosomes are tightly wrapped. O B. It is in the form of euchromatin and the nucleosomes are cleared from the region allowing for an open and accessible configuration OC.A repressor protein is bound to the chromatin blocking RNA polymerase. O D.Both B and C.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about methylation and acetylation is correct? A. Genes that have hypermethylated (a lot of methylation) promoters are expressed at high levels. B. Deacetylation of histones can lead to a heterochromatin state. C. All nucleotides (CTAG) can be methylated. D. Histones cannot be methylated.arrow_forward3) The tumor suppressor protein Rb regulation of the entry into the S phase of the cell cycle is represented in this diagram. DNA Answer: b) Explain your choice above: Answer: Rb E2F Genes needed for S phase are NOT transcribed Growth factor Ras pathway Cdk-cyclin 30 ATP ADP Phosphorylated Rb protein P Rb E2F Gene transcription a) In hereditary retinoblastoma tumors, Rb is mutated. Among the following mutations, which one is not likely to be found in these tumors. 1) Mutation prevents Rb to bind E2F by modifying the binding site. 2) Mutation prevents Rb to be dephosphorylated and recycled (possibly by prevented phosphorylated Rb to be recognized by the phosphatase that removes its phosphates). 3) Mutation may cause Rb to be misfolded and not have a functional conformation 4) Mutation that prevent Rb to be phosphorylated by cdk-cyclin. 5) Mutation may cause Rb to be unstable and degraded rapidly. c) (4 pts) Human papilloma virus (HPV) infections are the main causes of cervical cancers.…arrow_forward
- 1)A. how do you read a sequence of DNA (template or non-template strand) to convert it an mRNA sequence and to a protein? B.How does chromatin remodeling regulate gene transcription? C. What are the major differences between gene expression in bacteria and eukaryotes D. How are non-coding regions involved in gene transcription? E. Explain how eukaryotic genes sometimes produce multiple protein products?arrow_forwardIdentify the eukaryotic level of gene regulation. Choose the correct answer below. a. Pre- transcriptional control b. transcriptional control c. translational control d. post-translational control 1. in the fruit fly, genes from rRNA can be replicated more or less often compared to the rest of the chromatin depending on the needs of the cell. 2. in the human beta-globin, two introns are spliced out in order to produce the mature mRNA. 3. DNA methylation can change the degree of condensation of the chromatin. 4. The mouse REST gene is under the control of a promoter region that contains alternative promoters.arrow_forwardWhat would the direct consequence to a cell be if there was a loss of function of Transcription Factor II D? (Only select processes in which TFIID has a role.) You may answer multiple answers. a. Terminators at the end of the coding regions of genes would not be recognized. b. In the cytoplasm, mRNA would not be protected from enzymes that degrade mRNA. c. Primary RNA transcripts would not be accurately spliced. d. Initiation of transcription would be absent or decreased. mRNAs would be unable to exit the nucleus.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is true of CpG islands? a. They are methylated near promoters of actively transcribed genes. b. They are unmethylated near promoters of actively transcribed genes. c. Acetylation of CpG islands leads to repression of transcription. d. CpG islands code for RNA molecules that activate transcription.arrow_forwardWhich of the following will lead to a decrease in transcription of a gene? A. Increase in histone acetyltransferases. B. Decrease in CpG methylation of promoter. C. Increase in histone deacetylases. D. Decrease in DNA methyltransferases.arrow_forwardWhich statement/s is/are TRUE about transcription?A. During transcription, DNA polymerase binds to RNA and separates the DNA strands.B. RNA polymerase uses one strand of DNA as a template to assemble nucleotides into a strand of RNA.C. RNA polymerase binds only to DNA promoters, which have specific base sequences.D. Promoters are signals in RNA that indicate to RNA polymerase where to begin transcription.E. Transcription occurs in the 3’ to 5’ direction with respect to the growing mRNA strand.arrow_forward
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