Concept explainers
E. coli cells grown on, 15N medium are transferred to 14N medium and allowed to grow for two more generations (two rounds of
(A) one high-density and one low-density band
(B) one intermediate-density band
(C) one high-density and one intermediate-density band
(D) one low-density and one intermediate-density band
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 16 Solutions
Campbell Biology: Australian And New Zealand Edition + Mastering Biology With Etext
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Microbiology: Principles and Explorations
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Laboratory Manual for Holes Human Anatomy & Physiology Fetal Pig Version
Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
- PCR is a molecular biology technique where template DNA is amplified using a primer and oligonucleotides. The reaction is catalyzed by a thermostable DNA polymerase and in a particular reaction, the template strands are denatured at 95˚C. For strand hybridization, the melting temperature is 55˚C. What do you predict about the average duration of H bonds at the high temperature in comparison to the low temperature?arrow_forwardAgarose gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA fragments on an agarose matrix. The DNA is then viewed by staining or under UV light. (i) What is the direction of DNA migration in electric field on the agarose gel? · . (ii) Explain the principle for the migration of DNA molecules in an electric field. (iii) DNA loading dye is used to prepare DNA markers and samples for loading on the agarose gel. State the function of bromophenol blue in the loading dye.arrow_forwardConsider the experiment conducted by Meselson and Stahl in which they used 14N and 15N in cultures of E. coli and equilibrium density gradient centrifugation. Draw pictures to represent the bands produced by bacterial DNA in the centrifuge tube before the switch to medium containing 14N and after one, two, and three rounds of replication in that medium. Use separate sets of drawings to show the bands that would appear if replication were (a) semiconservative; (b) conservative; (c) dispersive.arrow_forward
- Can you please help with 1d please picture with 1 graph is for question 1a) picture with 4 graphs is for question 1b) 1a) E. coli DNA and binturong DNA are both 50% G-C. If you randomly shear E. coli DNA into 1000 bp fragments and put it through density gradient equilibrium centrifugation, you will find that all the DNA bands at the same place in the gradient, and if you graph the distribution of DNA fragments in the gradient you will get a single peak (see below). If you perform the same experiment with binturong DNA, you will find that a small fraction of the DNA fragments band separately in the gradient (at a different density) and give rise to a small "satellite" peak on a graph of the distribution of DNA fragments in the gradient (see below). Why do these two DNA samples give different results, when they're both 50% G-C? 1b) If you denatured the random 1000 bp fragments of binturong DNA that you produced in question 1a by heating them to 95ºC, and then cooled them down to 60ºC…arrow_forwardThe Bacteria Escherichia coli DNA genome has a molecular mass of about 3.1 X 10 9 D. In your answers, show how you came up to each result?(a) How many base pairs does this bacterium contain? (b) How many full double-helical turns does this DNA contain? (c) How long is this DNA in micrometer?arrow_forwardExplain the principles behind DNA isolation using silica membrane spin column from Qiagen. 2 After DNA isolation using Qiagen extraction kit, the final flow through was subjected to spectrophotometric measurements. Explain the situation if the absorbances were found to be: i) The absorbance at 260 nm is higher than absorbance at 280 nm? ii) The absorbance at 230 is higher than absorbance at 260 nm?arrow_forward
- During agarose gel electrophoresis, why does DNA move through the gel when electric current is applied? because DNA is negatively charged because a charged chemical from the loading buffer is bound to the DNA because DNA is positively charged because DNA absorbs electricityarrow_forwardA solution contains DNA polymerase and the Mg ²+ salts of dATP, dGTP, dCTP, and TTP. The following DNA molecules are added to aliquots of this solution. Which of them would lead to DNA synthesis? (a) A single-stranded closed circle containing 1000 nucleotide units. (b) A double-stranded closed circle containing 1000 nucleotide pairs. (c) A single-stranded closed circle of 1000 nucleotides base-paired to a linear strand of 500 nucleotides with a free 3' -OH terminus. (d) A double-stranded linear molecule of 1000 nucleotide pairs with a free 3’-OH group at each end.arrow_forwardCan you please help with 1c please picture with 1 graph is for question 1a) picture with 4 graphs is for question 1b) 1a) E. coli DNA and binturong DNA are both 50% G-C. If you randomly shear E. coli DNA into 1000 bp fragments and put it through density gradient equilibrium centrifugation, you will find that all the DNA bands at the same place in the gradient, and if you graph the distribution of DNA fragments in the gradient you will get a single peak (see below). If you perform the same experiment with binturong DNA, you will find that a small fraction of the DNA fragments band separately in the gradient (at a different density) and give rise to a small "satellite" peak on a graph of the distribution of DNA fragments in the gradient (see below). Why do these two DNA samples give different results, when they're both 50% G-C? 1b) If you denatured the random 1000 bp fragments of binturong DNA that you produced in question 1a by heating them to 95ºC, and then cooled them down to 60ºC…arrow_forward
- Quantification of DNA can be done by using a Nanodrop, a UV spectrophotometer, by measuring its absorbance in units of optical density (OD) (see “Nanodrop Microvolume Quantitation of Nucleic Acids" video in Lab 3 on Laulima). DNA absorbs light most strongly at the ultraviolet wavelength of 260 nm. The absorbance of double stranded DNA (dsDNA) at 260 nm (A260) is used to estimate concentration, with 1.0 OD equal to a dsDNA concentration of 50 µg/ml. Using this information we can calculate the concentration of dsDNA in our extractions using the following formula: dsDNA concentration = 50 µg/ml x OD260 x dilution factor Using the formula provided above, calculate the concentration of dsDNA in an extraction that was diluted 20X and had an A260 reading of 0.64 OD. Show your workarrow_forwardA linear DNA molecule is subjected to complete restriction digestion by (1) EcoRI alone, (2) HindIII alone, and (3) both enzymes together. The DNA fragments are then separated using gel electrophoresis. Results are shown below: (i) (ii) (iii) EcoRI Hindill Both | | — | | 10 kb 9 kb 8 kb 5 kb 2 kb 1 kb How long is the original DNA molecule? How many EcoRI recognition sites does it have? Does the longest EcoRI fragment contain a HindIII restriction site? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardDuring gel electrophoresis, DNA molecules can easily be separated according to size because all DNA molecules have the same charge-to-mass ratio and the same shape (long rod). Would you expect RNA molecules to behave in the same manner as DNA during gel electrophoresis? Why or why not?arrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education