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Concept explainers
For each reaction draw a Lewis structure for each species and indicate which is the acid and which is the base:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
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Chapter 16 Solutions
EBK GENERAL CHEMISTRY
- The formula for tartaric acid is preferably written as H2C4H4O6 rather than as C4H6O6. Explain why.arrow_forward(a) Hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, is a Brønsted Lowry acid. It is used as an antiseptic and bleaching agent. Write the formula for the conjugate base of hydrogen peroxide. (b) Hydrazine, N2H4, is a Brønsted-Lowry base used as a rocket fuel. Write the formula for the conjugate acid of hydrazine. (c) Phenol, HOC6H5, is a Brønsted-Lowry acid used to make plastics, nylon, and slimicides. Write the formula for its conjugate base. (d) Aniline, C6H5NH2, is a Brønsted-Lowry base used to make polyurethane. Write the formula for its conjugate acid.arrow_forwardThe active ingredient of bleach such as Clorox is sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). Its conjugate acid, hypochlorous acid (HClO), has a Ka of 3.0 × 10–8. (a)The undiluted bleach contains roughly 1 M NaClO. Calculate the pH of 1 M NaClO solution. (b)Some applications require extremely diluted bleach solution, such as swimming pools. Suppose the solution in (a) is diluted by 10,000 -fold. Calculate the pH of the diluted solution, and demonstrate that you can still neglect the autoionization of water in your calculation. (c)Suppose the solution in (a) is diluted by 1million-fold, briefly explain how your approach will be different. Write the equation with [H3O+] as the unknown, but you do not need to solve it.arrow_forward
- The active ingredient of bleach such as Clorox is sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). Its conjugate acid, hypochlorous acid (HClO), has a Ka of 3.0 × 10–8. (a) The undiluted bleach contains roughly 1 M NaClO.Calculate the pH of 1 M NaClO solution. (b) Some applications require extremely diluted bleach solution, such as swimming pools. Suppose the solution in (a) is diluted by 10,000-fold. Calculate the pH of the diluted solution, and demonstrate that you can still neglect the autoionization of water in your calculation. (c) Suppose the solution in (a) is diluted by 1 million-fold, briefly explain how your approach willbe different. Write the equation with [H3O+] as the unknown, but you do not need to solve it.arrow_forwardBoric acid, H3BO3, is not a Brønsted-Lowry acid but a Lewis acid.(a) Write an equation for its reaction with water.(b) Predict the shape of the anion thus formed.(c) What is the hybridization on the boron consistent with the shape you have predicted?arrow_forwardWhat is the basis for referring to the hydrogen ion as a proton? (a) The Arrhenius definition of an acid. (b) The Brønsted-Lowry definition of an acid x (c) The Lewis definition of an acid. (d) H* exists as a bare proton. (e) None of these.arrow_forward
- If the Kb for hydrazine, N2H4(aq), is 1.7 x 10-6 , calculate the pH of a 1.8 mol/L solution of hydrazine.arrow_forwardThe pH reading of a glass of liquid is given. Find the hydrogen ion concentration of the liquid. (Give your answers in scientific notation, correct to one decimal place.) (а) Вeer: pH = 5.3 [H+] = х 10 M (b) Water: pH = 7,2 [H+] = х 10 Marrow_forwardThe active ingredient of bleach such as Clorox is sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). Its conjugate acid, hypochlorous acid (HClO), has a Ka of 3.0 × 10^–8. (a) The undiluted bleach contains roughly 1 M NaClO. Calculate the pH of 1 M NaClO solution. (b) Some applications require extremely diluted bleach solution, such as swimming pools. Suppose the solution in (a) is diluted by 10,000 -fold. Calculate the pH of the diluted solution, and demonstrate that you can still neglect the autoionization of water in your calculation. (c) Suppose the solution in (a) is diluted by 1 million-fold, briefly explain how your approach will be different. Write the equation with [H3O+] as the unknown, but you do not need to solve it.arrow_forward
- Two chemical reactions are listed. In one of them, the phosphorus-containing anion on the left is a Brønsted acid, and in the other reaction, the phosphorus-containing anion on the left is a Brønsted base. Identify in which reaction it is a Brønsted acid. О н,РО, (аq) + CH;CO, (аq) — НРО,* (аq) + CH;CO2H(aq) НРО * (аq) + HСО; (аq) — Н,РО, (аq) + СОз* (аq)arrow_forwardThe pH reading of a sample of each substance is given. Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration of the substance. (Give your answers in scientific notation, correct to one decimal place.) (a) Tomatoes: pH = 4.1 [H+] = х 10 M (b) Human blood: pH = 7.3 [H+] х 10 Marrow_forwardThe pH reading of a sample of each substance is given. Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration of the substance. (Give your answers in scientific notation, correct to one decimal place.) (a) Spinach: pH = 5.4 [H+] = 3.98107 -6 x 10 M (b) Crackers: pH = 7.2 [H*] = х 10 Marrow_forward
- Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningGeneral, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning
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