Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The role of
Concept introduction:
Transesterification is the process of formation of a new ester molecule from the reaction of alcohol and an ester. This is like hydrolysis of ester but here nucleophile is alcohol molecule instead of
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- The shown tertiary amine (A) has an asymmetric center (the 'N' atom) and it can exist as a pair of enantiomers. However, these enantiomers cannot be separated. Explain this observation. t-BuN CH,CH3 HC Aarrow_forwardExplain why 3-methylbutylamine is a stronger base than the corresponding amide, 3-methylbutanamide, (CH3)2CHCH₂CONH₂.arrow_forwarda) If the pH value of an aqueous solution of trimethylamine [(CH3) 3N] is 10.75, what should be the molarity of this solution? (CH3) 3N + H2O ↔ (CH3) 3NH + + OH-, Kb = 6.3 × 10-5 b) What will be the pH of the solution prepared by dissolving 8.35 g of aniline hydrochloride (C6H5NH3 + Cl-) in 750 mL of 0.215 M aniline (C6H5NH2)? Is this solution an effective buffer? Explain (Kb = 7.4 × 10-10 for aniline, C: 12.0 g / mol, H: 1.0 g / mol, N: 14.0 g / mol, Cl: 35.4 g / mol) .arrow_forward
- Using the data in Appendix C, determine which of the following bases is strong enough to deprotonate acetonitrile (CH3CN), so that equilibrium favors the products: (a) NaH; (b) Na2CO3; (c) NaOH; (d) NaNH2; (e) NaHCO3.arrow_forwardThe following amines have the same molecular formula (C5H13N), but their boiling points are significantly different. Explain why. H `NH2 2-Methylbutan-1-amine Boiling point = 97 °C N-Methylbutan-2-amine Boiling point = 84 °C N-Ethyl-N-methylethan-1-amine Boiling point = 65 °Carrow_forwardEstrogens are female sex hormones, the most potent of which is B-estradiol. OH AYA Но B-Estradiol In recent years, chemists have focused on designing and synthesizing molecules that bind to estrogen receptors. One target of this research has been nonsteroidal estrogen antagonists, compounds that interact with estrogen receptors and block the effects of both endogenous and exogenous estrogens. A feature common to one type of nonste- roidal estrogen antagonist is the presence of a 1,2-diphenylethylene with one of the benzene rings bearing a dialkylaminoethoxyl substituent. The first nonsteroidal estrogen antagonist of this type to achieve clinical importance was tamoxifen, now an important drug in the treatment of breast cancer. Tamoxifen has the Z configuration shown here. NMeg A B NMeg ? ОН Tamoxifen Propose reagents for the conversion of A to tamoxifen. Note: The final step in this synthesis gives a mixture of E and Z isomers.arrow_forward
- Briefly, but clearly, explain why the –OH hydrogen in acetic acid (CH3CO2H) is more acidic than in ethanol (C2H5OH).arrow_forwardCalculate the maximum number of possible stereoisomers of 2-methylocta-4,6-1-amine using the following formula: Maximum number of possible stereoisomers = 2n (where n= the number of chiral carbons in your molecule). This calculation does not include E- or Z- isomers for any compounds containing double bondsarrow_forwardAnswer ALL parts of this question. Benzoic acid can be converted to the two products (A and B) shown in Figure Q24a. Draw the structures of A and B and name both compounds. (a) (b) (c) Benzoic acid OH F C LiAlH then HCI (aq.) CH₂CH₂OH, HCI OH Figure Q24a Describe, in words, the type of chemistry involved in converting benzoic acid to the two products (A and B) shown in Figure Q24a. Drawings of curly arrow mechanisms are not required. Explain why compound C is more acidic than compound D (see Figure Q24c). A Figure Q24c B D OHarrow_forward
- Eistrogens are female sex hormones, the most potent of which is B-estradiol. OH H,C но B-Estradiol In recent years, chemists have focused on designing and synthesizing molecules that bind to estrogen receptors. One target of this research has been nonsteroidal estrogen antagonists, compounds that interact with estrogen receptors and block the effects of both endogenous and exogenous estrogens. A feature common to one type of nonste- roidal estrogen antagonist is the presence of a 1,2-diphenylethylene with one of the benzene rings bearing a dialkylaminoethoxyl substituent. The first nonsteroidal estrogen antagonist of this type to achieve clinical importance was tamoxifen, now an important drug in the treatment of breast cancer. Tamoxifen has the Z configuration shown here. но NMe, NMeg ? B NMeg ? "NMe, ОН Tamoxifen Propose reagents for the conversion of A to tamoxifen. Note: The final step in this synthesis gives a mixture of E and Z isomers.arrow_forwardWhen the conjugate acid of aniline, C6H5NH3+, reacts with the acetate ion, the following reaction takes place: C6H5NH3+(aq)+CH3COO(aq)C6H5NH2(aq)+CH3COOH(aq) If Kafor C6H5NH3+ is 1.35105 and Kafor CH3COOH is 1.86105 , what is K for the reaction?arrow_forwardThe C-N distance in an amide bond is approximately 1.32 Å. A typical C-N single bond is 1.45Å, while a typical C=N double bond is 1.25 Å. Explain this observation and describe how thebonding in amides restricts the conformations amides can adopt.arrow_forward
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