University Physics Volume 2
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781938168161
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 8CQ
Shown below is the interference pattern of two radio antennas broabcasting the same signal. Explain how this is analogous to the interference pattern for sound produced by two speakers. Could this be used to make a directional antenna system that broadcasts preferentially in certain directions? Explain.
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Shown below is the interference pattern of two radio antennas broadcasting the same signal. Explain how this is analogous to the interference pattern for sound produced by two speakers. Could this be used to make a directionalantenna system that broadcasts preferentially in certain directions? Explain.
The interference pattern of two radio antennas broadcasting the same signal. Explain how this is analogous to the interference pattern for sound produced by two speakers. Could this be used to make a directional antenna system that broadcasts preferentially in certain directions? Explain.
A radio station has two antennas. The antennas are a distance d apart, where d equals half the broadcast wavelength. The antennas are driven in phase with each other. Let the x-axis be the line that runs through the two antennas. The angles are all measured counterclockwise from the +x-direction. (For the following, assume an observer is positioned a distance D far from the midpoint of the antennas, so that
D ≫ d.)
(a)
In which directions is the strongest signal radiated?
0°, 180°
90°, 270°
0°, 90°, 180°, 270°
45°, 135°, 225°, 315°
(b)
In which directions is the weakest signal radiated?
0°, 180°
90°, 270°
0°, 90°, 180°, 270°
45°, 135°, 225°, 315°
Chapter 16 Solutions
University Physics Volume 2
Ch. 16 - Check Your Understanding When the emf across a...Ch. 16 - Check Your Understanding Could a purely electric...Ch. 16 - Check Your Understanding The wave equation was...Ch. 16 - Check Your Understanding What conclusions did our...Ch. 16 - Check Your Understanding How would the speed and...Ch. 16 - Check Your Understanding How do the...Ch. 16 - Explain how the displacement current maintains the...Ch. 16 - Describe the field lines of the induced magnetic...Ch. 16 - Why is it much easier to demonstrate in a student...Ch. 16 - If the electric field of an electromagnetic wave...
Ch. 16 - In which situation shown below will the...Ch. 16 - In which situation shown below will the...Ch. 16 - Under what conditions might wires in a circuit...Ch. 16 - Shown below is the interference pattern of two...Ch. 16 - When you stand outdoors in the sunlight, y can you...Ch. 16 - How does the intensity of an electromagnetic wave...Ch. 16 - What is the physical significance of the Poynting...Ch. 16 - A 2.0-mW helium-neon laser transmits a continuous...Ch. 16 - Why is t1 radiation pressure of an electromagnetic...Ch. 16 - Why did the early Hubble Telescope photos of...Ch. 16 - (a) If the electric field and magnetic field in a...Ch. 16 - Compare the speed, wavelength, and frequency of...Ch. 16 - Accelerating electric charge emits electromagnetic...Ch. 16 - Compare and contrast the meaning of the prefix...Ch. 16 - Part of the light passing through the air is...Ch. 16 - When a bowl of soup is removed from a microwave...Ch. 16 - Certain orientations of a broadcast television...Ch. 16 - What property of light corresponds to loudness in...Ch. 16 - Is the visible region a major portion of the...Ch. 16 - Can the human body detect electromagnetic...Ch. 16 - Radio waves normally have their E and B fields in...Ch. 16 - Give an example of resonance in the reception of...Ch. 16 - Illustrate that the size of details of an object...Ch. 16 - In which pan of the electromagnetic spectrum are...Ch. 16 - In what range of electromagnetic radiation are the...Ch. 16 - If a microwave oven could be modified to merely...Ch. 16 - A leaky microwave oven in a home can sometimes...Ch. 16 - When a television news anchor in a studio speaks...Ch. 16 - Show that the magnetic field at a distance r from...Ch. 16 - Express the displacement current in a capacitor in...Ch. 16 - A potential difference V(t) = V0sin tis maintained...Ch. 16 - Suppose the parallel-plate capacitor shown below...Ch. 16 - The potential difference V(t) between parallel...Ch. 16 - A parallel-plate capacitor has a plate area of...Ch. 16 - The voltage across a parallel-plate capacitor with...Ch. 16 - The voltage across a parallel-plate capacitor with...Ch. 16 - If the Sun suddenly turned off, we would not know...Ch. 16 - What is the maximum electric field strength in an...Ch. 16 - An electromagnetic wave has a frequency of 12 MHz....Ch. 16 - If electric and magnetic field strengths vary...Ch. 16 - The electric field of an electromagnetic wave...Ch. 16 - A plane electromagnetic wave of frequency 20 GHz...Ch. 16 - The following represents an electromagnetic wave...Ch. 16 - While outdoors on a sunny day, a student holds a...Ch. 16 - A plane electromagnetic wave travels northward. At...Ch. 16 - The electric field of an electromagnetic wave is...Ch. 16 - A radio station broadcasts at a frequency of 760...Ch. 16 - The filament in a clear incandescent light bulb...Ch. 16 - At what distance does a 100-W lightbulb produce...Ch. 16 - An incandescent light bulb emits only 2.6 W of its...Ch. 16 - A 150-W lightbulb emits 5% of its energy as...Ch. 16 - A small helium-neon laser has a power output of...Ch. 16 - At the top of Earth’s atmosphere, the...Ch. 16 - The magnetic field of a plane electromagnetic wave...Ch. 16 - What is the intensity of an electromagnetic wave...Ch. 16 - Assume the helium-neon lasers commonly used in...Ch. 16 - An AM radio transmitter broadcasts 50.0 kW of...Ch. 16 - Suppose the maximum safe intensity of microwaves...Ch. 16 - A 2.50-rn-diameter university communications...Ch. 16 - Lasers can be constructed that produce an...Ch. 16 - A 1-W lightbulb emits 5% of its energy as...Ch. 16 - What pressure does light emitted uniformly in all...Ch. 16 - A microscopic spherical dust particle of radius 2m...Ch. 16 - A Styrofoam spherical ball of radius 2 mm and mass...Ch. 16 - Suppose that S avg for sunlight at a point on the...Ch. 16 - reaches the ground with an intensity of about...Ch. 16 - Suppose a spherical particle of mass m and radius...Ch. 16 - How many helium atoms, each with a radius of about...Ch. 16 - If you wish to detect details of the size of atoms...Ch. 16 - Find the frequency range of visible light, given...Ch. 16 - (a) Calculate the wavelength range for AM radio...Ch. 16 - Radio station WWVB, operated by the National...Ch. 16 - An outdoor WIFi unit for a picnic area has a...Ch. 16 - The prefix “mega” (M) and “kilo” (k), when...Ch. 16 - A computer user finds that his wireless router...Ch. 16 - (a) The ideal size (most efficient) for a...Ch. 16 - What are the wavelengths of (a) X-rays of...Ch. 16 - For red light of =660nm , what are f,, and k?Ch. 16 - A radio transmitter broadcasts plane...Ch. 16 - (a) Two microwave frequencies authorized for use...Ch. 16 - During normal beating, the heart creates a maximum...Ch. 16 - Distances in space are often quoted in units of...Ch. 16 - A certain 60.0-Hz ac power line radiates an...Ch. 16 - (a) What is the frequency of the 193-nm...Ch. 16 - In a region of space, the electric field is...Ch. 16 - A microwave oven uses electromagnetic waves of...Ch. 16 - Galileo proposed measuring the speed of light by...Ch. 16 - Show that the wave equation in one dimension...Ch. 16 - On its highest power setting, a microwave oven...Ch. 16 - A certain microwave oven projects 1.00 kW of...Ch. 16 - E1ecmagnedc radiation from a 5.00-mW laser is...Ch. 16 - A 200-turn flat coil of wire 30.0 cm in diameter...Ch. 16 - Suppose a source of electromagnetic waves radiates...Ch. 16 - A radio station broadcasts its radio waves with a...Ch. 16 - The Poynting vector describes a flow of energy...Ch. 16 - The Sun’s energy strikes Earth at an intensity of...Ch. 16 - If a Lightsail spacecraft were sent on a Mars...Ch. 16 - Lunar astronauts placed a reflector on the Moon’s...Ch. 16 - Radar is used to determine distances to various...Ch. 16 - Calculate the ratio of the highest to lowest...Ch. 16 - How does the wavelength of radio waves for an AM...Ch. 16 - A parallel-plate capacitor with plate separation d...Ch. 16 - A particle of cosmic dust has a density =2.0g/cm3...
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- Figure 24.26 shows the interference pattern of two radio antennas broadcasting the same signal. Explain how this is analogous to the interference pattern for sound produced by two speakers. Could this he used to make a directional antenna system that broadcasts preferentially in certain directions? Explain. Figure 24.26 An overhead view of two radio broadcast antennas sending the same signal, and the interference pattern they produce.arrow_forwardShould the straight wire antenna of a radio he vertical or horizontal to best receive radio waves broadcast by a vertical transmitter antenna? How should a loop antenna be aligned to best receive the signals? (Note that the direction at the loop that produces the best reception can he used to determine the location at the source. It is used for that purpose in hacking tagged animals in nature studies, for example.)arrow_forwardA television is tuned to a station broadcasting at a frequency of2.04 * 108Hz. For best reception, the rabbit-ear antenna used bythe TV should be adjusted to have a tip-to-tip length equal to halfa wavelength of the broadcast signal. Find the optimum length ofthe antennaarrow_forward
- TV-reception antennas for VHF are constructed with cross wires supported at their centers, as shown. The ideal length for the cross wires is one-half the wavelength to be received, with the more expensive antennas having one for each channel. Suppose you measure the lengths of the wires for particular channels and find them to be 1.94 and 0.753 m long, respectively. What are the frequencies for these channels?arrow_forwardProject Seafarer was an ambitious program to construct an enormous antenna, buried underground on a site about 10 000 km2 in area. Its purpose was to transmit signals to submarines while they were deeply submerged. If the effective wavelength were 1.0 * 10^4 Earth radii, what would be the (a) frequency and (b) period of the radiations emitted? Ordinarily, electromagnetic radiations do not penetrate very far into conductors such as seawater, and so normal signals cannot reach the submarines.arrow_forwardIn an experiment to demonstrate interference, you connect two antennas to a single radio receiver. When the two antennas are adjacent to each other, the received signal is strong. You leave one antenna in place and move the other one directly away from the radio transmission tower. How far should the second antenna be moved in order to receive a minimum signal from a station that broadcasts at 103.4 MHz?arrow_forward
- How does electromagnetic interference (EMI) affect transmission media, and what mitigation strategies are available?arrow_forwardShould the straight wire antenna of a radio b vertical or horizontal to best receive radio waves broadcast by a vertical transmitter antenna? How should a loop antenna be aligned to best receive signals? (Note that the direction of the loop that produces the best reception can be used to determine the location of the source. It is used for that purpose in tracking tagged animals in nature studies, for example)arrow_forwardAt what angle will the microwave be completely polarized? explain ASAP?arrow_forward
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Spectra Interference: Crash Course Physics #40; Author: CrashCourse;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ob7foUzXaY;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY