Campbell Biology in Focus
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134710679
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Rebecca Orr
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 16.1, Problem 2CC
MAKE CONNECTIONS Explain how the signaling molecules released by an embryonic cell can induce changes in a neighboring cell without entering the cell. (See Figure 5.20)
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MAKE CONNECTIONS Explain how the signaling molecules released by an embryonic cell can induce changesin a neighboring cell without entering the cell. (SeeFigures 11.15 and 11.16.)
MAKE CONNECTIONSPDGF signals cells by binding toa cell-surface receptor tyrosinekinase. If you added a chemicalthat blocked phosphorylation,how would the results differ?(See Figure 11.8.)
. MAKE CONNECTIONS How do the molecules thatactivate the vertebrate TLR signal transduction pathwaydiffer from the ligands in most other signaling pathways(see Concept 11.2)?
Chapter 16 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus
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Ch. 16 - Cell differentiation always involves A. the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 16 - Absence of bicoid mRNA from a Drosophila egg leads...Ch. 16 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 16 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 16 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 16 - FOCUS ON ORGANIZA-ION The property of life emerges...Ch. 16 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR K\IOWLEDGE Recently, new...
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- MAKE CONNECTIONS Review Figure 12.16 on cell cyclecontrol. Would you expect MPF (maturation-promotingfactor) activity to remain steady during cleavage? Explain.arrow_forward. MAKE CONNECTIONS The p53 protein can activategenes involved in apoptosis. Review Concept 11.5, anddiscuss how mutations in genes coding for proteins thatfunction in apoptosis could contribute to cancer.arrow_forwardWHAT IF? In Figure 18.17b, the lower cell is synthesizingsignaling molecules, whereas the upper cell is expressingreceptors for these molecules. In terms of gene regulationand cytoplasmic determinants, explain how these cellscame to synthesize different molecules.arrow_forward
- MAKE CONNECTIONS Inactivation of one of the Xchromosomes in female mammals involves lncRNA calledXIST RNA, mentioned in this section and in Concept 15.2.Describe transcription and binding of XIST RNA, thensuggest a model for how it initiates Barr body formation.arrow_forwardWhat does the ability to produce iPSCs tell scientists about the differences between ES cells and differentiated cells? Do these findings argue against the principle of nuclear equivalence? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardMAKE CONNECTIONS The gene that is activated onthe Philadelphia chromosome codes for an intracellulartyrosine kinase. Review the discussion of cell cycle controlin Concept 12.3, and explain how the activation of thisgene could contribute to the development of cancer.arrow_forward
- Concept test: Please discuss thoroughly. One of the key components in vertebrate limb development is the polarizing region, also known as the zone or polarizing activity of ZPA. Where in the limb bud is this region? What axis of the limb does it help to specify? What properties of this region make it an organizing region Through which signaling molecule does it exert its effects? What is the evidence for the importance of this molecule?arrow_forward13. Imagine that you discovered a new cell surface transport protein and that you believe it is a channel protein. Which of the following properties would you expect this protein to have? a. It will contain several hydrophobic regions that will cluster together to form a beta-barrel. b. It will contain several hydrophobic regions that will form multiple alpha helices c. It will bind to a mitochondrial translocation channel d. It will contain a nuclear import sequence (signal sequence) e. It will have a Golgi complex signal sequencearrow_forwardQ How can quorum sensing be considered a regulatorymechanism for conserving cell resources?arrow_forward
- compare and contrast how GPCRs and RTKs transduce their signal to the cell? include the types of ligands they bind, the GTP binding protein that is activated, and how the signal is transduced and amplified. what effects does it have on the cell?arrow_forwardCell Communications Explain the role of the trans-membrane and the intracellular protein receptors in cell signaling (provide an example of each).arrow_forwardBIOC 384 Overview of Cell Signaling Pathways Q7.2: A first messenger molecule activates a receptor that stimulates Enzyme A, which synthesizes 100 second messenger molecules. In turn, each second messenger activates only one molecule of Enzyme B, which once activated, phosphorylates 100 molecules of Enzyme C that each phosphorylate 75 molecules of Enzyme D. In the last step, each Enzyme D phosphorylates 50 transcription factors. How many transcription factors are phosphorylated in response to the first messenger binding to the receptor? How many transcription factors would be phosphorylated if one copy of the Enzyme D gene were inactivated (heterozygous genotype) so that there were only half the number of functional Enzyme D molecules in the cell? Explain.arrow_forward
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