Campbell Biology in Focus
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134710679
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Rebecca Orr
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 16, Problem 5TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Proto-oncogenes are the precursors of oncogenes, which are responsible for causing cancer. Mutations in proto-oncogenes lead to its activation into oncogenes. Oncogenes can be described as the mutated version of proto-oncogenes.
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Which of the following demonstrates the link between oncogenes and cancer?
a.Oncogenes do not have mutations that increase the activity or number of molecules that stimulate mitosis.
b.Oncogenes produce molecules that inhibit mitosis.
c.They are genes that transform tumor cells into normal cells.
d.The mutations in oncogenes increase the activity or number of molecules that stimulate mitosis, leading to irregular cell division.
Which of the following describes an oncogene
Group of answer choices
A. a gene that stimulates cell division that is malfunctioning
B. a cell whose normal function is to cause cancer
C. a gene that controls body axes
D. a hox gene
E. a gene that prevents tumors
Which of the following best describes a gene that codes for a tumor-suppressor protein?
a. One that helps to prevent progression through the cell cycle.
b. One that helps prevent apoptosis.
c. One that codes for a DNA repair enzyme.
d. One that supports part of a growth factor signaling pathway.
Chapter 16 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus
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Ch. 16 - Cell differentiation always involves A. the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 16 - Absence of bicoid mRNA from a Drosophila egg leads...Ch. 16 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 16 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 16 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 16 - FOCUS ON ORGANIZA-ION The property of life emerges...Ch. 16 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR K\IOWLEDGE Recently, new...
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- Why do cells have proto-oncogenes? What is their function? Use specific examples in your explanation.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements correctly describes a characteristic of tumor-suppressor gene? a) they are frequently overexpressed in cancerous cells. b) they are cancer-causing genes introduced into cells by viruses. c) they encode proteins that help prevent uncontrolled cell growth. d) they often encode proteins that stimulate the cell cycle.arrow_forwardWhich of the following accurately compares tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes? A. Both tumor suppressor and proto-oncogenes prevent the spread of cancer by targeting and destroying existing cancer cells. B. A person who has both tumor suppressor and proto-oncogenes will always develop cancer. C. Proto-oncogenes code for growth factors, while tumor suppressor genes inhibit cell division of damaged cells. D. When a proto-oncogene mutates, it becomes a tumor suppressor gene.arrow_forward
- Which of the following mutations is MOST likely to cause cancer? A) a mutation that causes a cyclin gene to be expressed at all times during the cell cycle B) a mutation that causes an oncogene to be turned off so that no protein is made C) a mutation that causes a Cdk gene to be turned off so that no protein is made D) a mutation that causes a tumor suppressor gene to be over-expressedarrow_forwardWhat is the difference between a proto-oncogene and an oncogene? a. oncogenes cause benign tumors (polyps), proto-oncogenes cause malignant tumors b. oncogenes transform cells to hyperproliferation, proto-oncogenes have a normal cellular role c. oncogenes have undergone post-translational modification, proto-oncogenes have not d. oncogenes have undergone intron splicing, proto-oncogenes have notarrow_forwardWhy is it easier to manipulate embryonic stem cells to differentiate into various tissues than it is to manipulate a typical adult cell? a. As cells develop, signaling pathways can cause some genes to be turned off during development. b. Adult cells have different DNA content than do embryonic stem cells. c. Emybronic stem cells pose less of a threat for organ rejection as do an individual s own adult cells. d. It is no easier to manipulate emybronic stem cells to differentiate into various tissues than it is to manipulate a typical adult cell.arrow_forward
- one question with multiple parts! 1A) If you were a cancer biologist interested in developing new drugs that will slow down cancer cell metastasis, which of the following strategies would be most effective? a)Develop an activator of mitosis b)Make Her2 protein that is more active on the surface of the cancer cells c) Develop a molecule that increases telomerase activity d) Gene therapy to add a mutated p53 gene to the cancer cells 1B) You are a genetic counsellor, and a couple comes to you with concerns that if they have a child together the child could have the X-linked recessive disease Duchene muscular dystrophy. The man has the disease whereas the woman is a carrier. Which of the following would be a true statement to tell them? a) 100% of their male offspring will likely be carriers of the recessive allele that causes the disease b) 75% of their female offspring will likely be carriers of the recessive allele that causes the disease c) 100% of their male offspring will likely…arrow_forwardA controversial issue, closely related to cloning, that has caused a lot of debate is the use of embryonic stem cells. One possible application of these cells is that they may be able to supply replacement tissues to treat diseases such as Parkinson's disease, diabetes, paralysis due to spinal cord injuries, and other degenerative diseases. The word "embryonic", has caused fierce opposition to this type of research because embryos are destroyed when the stem cells are removed. Questions that have surfaced in this debate include: When a cell nucleus is transferred to another cell, have we created life? Does a stem cell have the same status as a human? What should be done with the embryos that are leftover at in vitro fertilization (IVF), clinics? Advocates argue that the medical benefits of stem cell research would be enormous. Opponents argue that life begins at conception and thus this type of research is abortion. Based on what you have read, explain why you are for or against stem…arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true about the effects of mutations in somatic cells and gametes? A. Only mutations in gametes can affect future generations. B. Only mutations in somatic cells can affect future generations. C. Neither mutations in somatic cells or gametes can affect future generations. D. Mutations in both somatic cells and gametes can affect future generations.arrow_forward
- Stem cells (cells with little or no determination) are useful in many kinds of biological research for which of the following reasons? Group of answer choices A. they do not have particular cell fates B. None of their DNA is methylated C. They have unique cytoplasmic determinants D. They have no microRNA E. They have not differentiatedarrow_forwardWith regard to human cancer cells, which of the following statements is true? A. Cancer cells within one tumor usually do not share common mutations B. Cancer cells generally have lost the ability to divide C. Oncogenes are non-human genes not related to normal genes in the human genome D. Mutations in DNA repair genes result in an increased chance of getting cancer.arrow_forwardWhy does a single mutation in a proto-oncogene, turning it into an oncogene potentially lead to a cancerous phenotype, while it takes two mutations in tumor suppressor genes to lead to a cancerous phenotype?arrow_forward
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