Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function
Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781259277726
Author: Kenneth S. Saladin Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 16.2, Problem 13AYLO
Summary Introduction

To discuss:

Spinal gating mechanisms that modify a person’s sense of pain and awareness of body injury.                                        

Introduction:

Structures that are specialized for the detection of a stimulus such as pain and heat are referred to as a sensory receptor. Such receptors can either be real sense organs or simple nerve endings. A sensory receptor converts energy from one form to another. It is involved in the conversion of various forms of stimulus energy, including sound, light, heat, vibration, and touch into nerve signals. Pain indicates the discomfort that typically leads to evasive action. It is caused by noxious stimulation and injury in tissues. The nociceptors indicate the pain receptors that respond to the injuries in tissues and situations that lead to the tissue damage. They occur in the protective tissue called meninges and are responsible for headaches. Nociceptors are tonic receptors since the brain must be aware of the pain all the time.

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Chapter 16 Solutions

Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function

Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 16.1 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 16.1 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 16.2 - What stimulus modalities are detected by free...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 8BYGOCh. 16.2 - Where do most second-order somatosensory neurons...Ch. 16.2 - Explain the phenomenon of referred pain in terms...Ch. 16.2 - Explain the roles of bradykinin, substance P, and...Ch. 16.2 - Three Types of unencapsulated sensory nerve...Ch. 16.2 - Six types of encapsulated nerve endings and how...Ch. 16.2 - The main routes for somatosensory signals from the...Ch. 16.2 - Definitions of pain and nociceptorCh. 16.2 - Differences between fast pain and slow painCh. 16.2 - Differences between somatic and visceral pain, and...Ch. 16.2 - Several chemicals released by injured tissues that...Ch. 16.2 - The general three-neuron pathway typically taken...Ch. 16.2 - Pain pathways from receptors in the head to the...Ch. 16.2 - Pain pathways from the lower body to the cerebral...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 11AYLOCh. 16.2 - Referred pain and its anatomical basisCh. 16.2 - Prob. 13AYLOCh. 16.2 - Prob. 14AYLOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 12BYGOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 13BYGOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 14BYGOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 15BYGOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 16BYGOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 16.3 - Types, locations, and functions of lingual...Ch. 16.3 - Five primary taste sensations, and sensations...Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 16.3 - How odor molecules excite olfactory cellsCh. 16.3 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 9AYLOCh. 16.3 - Prob. 10AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 17BYGOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 18BYGOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 19BYGOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 20BYGOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 21BYGOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 22BYGOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 16.4 - The bony and membranous labyrinths of the inner...Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 9AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 10AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 11AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 12AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 13AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 14AYLOCh. 16.4 - The pathway from cochlear nerve to auditory...Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 16AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 17AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 18AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 19AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 20AYLOCh. 16.4 - Prob. 21AYLOCh. 16.4 - The path taken by signals in the vestibular nerve...Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 23AYLOCh. 16.5 - Why can't we see wavelengths of 350 nm or 750 nm?Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 24BYGOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 25BYGOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 26BYGOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 27BYGOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 16.5 - Six extrinsic eye muscles, their anatomy, the eye...Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 16.5 - General structure of the retina: its two points of...Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 9AYLOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 10AYLOCh. 16.5 - Principles of refraction; points at which...Ch. 16.5 - The difference between enmetropia and lite near...Ch. 16.5 - Histological layers and cell types of the retina....Ch. 16.5 - The structures of rods and cones; where visual...Ch. 16.5 - Differences in rod and cone functionCh. 16.5 - Prob. 16AYLOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 17AYLOCh. 16.5 - Why a single retinal receptor system cannot...Ch. 16.5 - Difference between S, M, and L cones; how neural...Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 20AYLOCh. 16.5 - Prob. 21AYLOCh. 16.5 - Hemidecussation, where it occurs, and how it...Ch. 16 - Hot and cold stimuli are detected by a. free nerve...Ch. 16 - _____is a neurotransmitter that transmits pain...Ch. 16 - Prob. 3TYRCh. 16 - Prob. 4TYRCh. 16 - Prob. 5TYRCh. 16 - Prob. 6TYRCh. 16 - Prob. 7TYRCh. 16 - Prob. 8TYRCh. 16 - The retina receives its oxygen supply from a. the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 10TYRCh. 16 - The most finely detailed vision occurs when an...Ch. 16 - Prob. 12TYRCh. 16 - Prob. 13TYRCh. 16 - Prob. 14TYRCh. 16 - Three rows of________in the cochlea have V-shaped...Ch. 16 - The ______ is a tiny bone that vibrates in the...Ch. 16 - The _____ of the midbrain receives auditory input...Ch. 16 - Prob. 18TYRCh. 16 - Olfactory neurons synapse with mitral cells and...Ch. 16 - In the phenomenon of ______, pain from the viscera...Ch. 16 - bin-Ch. 16 - decuss-Ch. 16 - hemi-Ch. 16 - lacrimo-Ch. 16 - litho-Ch. 16 - maculo-Ch. 16 - noci-Ch. 16 - scoto-Ch. 16 - -sepsisCh. 16 - Prob. 10BYMVCh. 16 - The sensory (afferent) nerve fibers for touch end...Ch. 16 - Prob. 2WWTSCh. 16 - Things we see with the left eye are perceived only...Ch. 16 - Prob. 4WWTSCh. 16 - The vitreous body occupies the posterior chamber...Ch. 16 - Prob. 6WWTSCh. 16 - Prob. 7WWTSCh. 16 - Prob. 8WWTSCh. 16 - Prob. 9WWTSCh. 16 - Prob. 10WWTSCh. 16 - The principle of neural convergence is explained...Ch. 16 - What type of cutaneous receptor enables you to...Ch. 16 - Prob. 3TYCCh. 16 - Prob. 4TYCCh. 16 - Prob. 5TYC
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