Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: Whether the given substituent exhibits an electron-withdrawing or an electron-donating inductive effect is to be identified.
Concept introduction: The atoms which are more electronegative than carbon pull charge density away from carbon and exhibit an electron-withdrawing inductive effect. Alkyl groups donate electron density, thus exhibit an electron donation inductive effect.
(b)
Interpretation: Whether the given substituent exhibits an electron-withdrawing or an electron-donating inductive effect is to be identified.
Concept introduction: The atoms which are more electronegative than carbon pull charge density away from carbon and exhibit an electron-withdrawing inductive effect. Alkyl groups donate electron density, thus exhibit an electron donation inductive effect.
(c)
Interpretation: Whether the given substituent exhibits an electron-withdrawing or an electron-donating inductive effect is to be identified.
Concept introduction: The atoms which are more electronegative than carbon pull charge density away from carbon and exhibit an electron-withdrawing inductive effect. Alkyl groups donate electron density, thus exhibit an electron donation inductive effect.
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Chapter 16 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-STUDY GDE./SOL.MAN.
- When the conjugate acid of aniline, C6H5NH3+, reacts with the acetate ion, the following reaction takes place: C6H5NH3+(aq)+CH3COO(aq)C6H5NH2(aq)+CH3COOH(aq) If Kafor C6H5NH3+ is 1.35105 and Kafor CH3COOH is 1.86105 , what is K for the reaction?arrow_forwardComplete the following acid-base reactions. (a) CH3CH2CH2CH2Li + CH3COOH (b) CH3CH2CH2CH2MgBr + CH3CH2OHarrow_forwardWrite the products of the following acid-base reactions: (a) CH3OH + H2SO4 ² ? (b) CH3OH + NANH2 2 ? (c) CH3NH3+ Cl- + NaOH ?arrow_forward
- In each of the following reactions, two possible organic products can be formed. Draw both organic products in each case and then circle the one formed in greatest quantity in each case. HC (a) 1) NaH, 2) acid (b) CH,CH,OH (c) CH,CH,OH NH2 (d) Oarrow_forwardPQ-16. What is the major product of this reaction? OH (A) (B) 2) H3O+ H (C) (D) Harrow_forward4-Methylphenol is more acidic than ethanol (pKa 10.36 vs 16.0) , even though both contain an OH group and a methyl group. Draw the structures of the anions formed from loss of the alcoholic protons from both compounds. Use resonance to explain the difference in their respective acidities.arrow_forward
- Consider the following reaction between an alkyl halide and a weak base. & I + CH₂OHarrow_forward(a) Rank the following molecules from most acidic to least acidic. Use the format 1>2 if you want to indicufe lis more acidic than 2. circle the molecules which can be >50% deprotonated in water nor 요.. 애 2 ii 3 A 4arrow_forwardDraw a Lewis structure of sodium ethyl mercaptide (NaSC2H5), showing all relevant lone pairs and formal charges. Based on the structure you drew, do you expect that it would act as a good nucleophile? Do you expect it to act as a strong base?arrow_forward
- Draw the product of the following reaction:arrow_forwardWhich compound engages in an acid-base reaction with water? = HC HU HC C H A A NH₂ CH B Both A and B Neither A nor B CH 11 HC=CH CH H HC=C HC <=C UH B CH₂ CH HC=CH CHarrow_forwardPQ-27. What is the product of this reaction? (A) 0 OH a (B) (D) H₂ Ptarrow_forward
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