Chapter 17, Problem 18A

Summary Introduction

To write:

Two scientists produce two different cladograms for the same groups of organisms. The possibility of determining differences.

Introduction:

Cladogram is a sketch representing a relationship between different groups of animals known as phylogeny. Scientist study phylogenetic systematics for visualizing and comparing the groups of organisms with their most common ancestors.

Explanation of Solution

The differences between two different cladograms for the same groups of organisms can be known by Variation that is any kind of difference between two cells of two organism coming from any species caused either by genetic differences or by environmental factors. Cladogram is a phylogenetic tree that givers relationship among different species and groups.

Speciation splits one species into two different species. These species have evolved from separate paths. Speciation when repeated forms different evolutionary outcomes and different array of biodiversity found today. There are geographical and genetic factors that increase the rate of speciation. These outcomes are the individual species with different identity that can be organized in the phylogenetic tree that explains the relationship among all.

Conclusion

Cladograms branches indicate phylogeny and the groups used are called clades. The greater the number of derived characters shared by groups the more recently the groups share a common ancestor. The different clades are set in a way in the tree that explains the relationship among all.