EP HUMAN BIOLOGY-MODIFIED MASTERING
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134326436
Author: Johnson
Publisher: PEARSON CO
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Chapter 17, Problem 1AWK
Summary Introduction
To review:
Effects of pairing C with T during
Introduction:
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is actually made up of four nitrogenous bases, i.e., adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine (A, T, G, and C). One nitrogenous base of one DNA binds with another nitrogenous base present on another DNA, thus producing double helix DNA. Normally G binds with C and A binds with T.
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Cell A is actively engaging in growth and division. The cell encounters a damage in its DNA at a
certain point in the cell cycle.
What would be the reaction in the cells if the damage was sensed
Before the R point is passed
After passing the R point
What would be the similarities and differences in the reaction in the cell in cases a and b?
In your answer, briefly include the significance of the R point during the cell cycle
List in each blank the description of events associated with each stage of mitosis in addition to the preparatory stage Interphase. Some events and structures occur only in plant cells and some in animal cells. Mark these events in the list with an asterisk.
Origins of replication, centromeres, and telomeres are all involved in replication and segregation of chromosomes. Classify each
statement below under the structure it describes.
Each mammalian cell contains 10,000
of these, scattered through the
chromatin of the nucleus.
As a cell divides successively, this
structure is prone to shortening in the
absence of an enzyme that lengthens
it; shortening puts a limit on how many
times a particular cell is able to divide.
If an average human chromosome had
only one of these, its replication would
take more than a month.
Origin of replication
Reset
Certain proteins unwind the DNA
double helix here to create mirror-
image replication forks.
In humans, this component consists of
the sequence TTAGGG repeated
250-1500 times, depending on the cell
type.
This component can occur almost
anywhere on a chromosome, except
at the very ends.
Telomere
This structure is found at the ends of
linear chromosomes.
Cleavage of the cohesin complex of this…
Chapter 17 Solutions
EP HUMAN BIOLOGY-MODIFIED MASTERING
Ch. 17 - How do you feel about the creation and then...Ch. 17 - How far should we go–to what lengths and at what...Ch. 17 - Describe how DNA is replicated before cell...Ch. 17 -
2. Compare and contrast the processes of...Ch. 17 - Explain what mutations are and the role of DNA...Ch. 17 - Name the four phases of mitosis and describe...Ch. 17 -
5. Explain why only one large egg is formed...Ch. 17 - Describe what is meant by selective gene...Ch. 17 - Explain how factors present in the environment can...Ch. 17 - Describe how ribosomes contribute to the formation...
Ch. 17 - Prob. 9CRCh. 17 - Prob. 10CRCh. 17 - What would be the outcome if a cell completed...Ch. 17 - Prob. 2TYCh. 17 - Prob. 3TYCh. 17 - Prob. 4TYCh. 17 - Which of the following are listed in order from...Ch. 17 - Prob. 6TYCh. 17 - Which is likely to be the shortest chain of...Ch. 17 - How many different amino acids could be encoded if...Ch. 17 - Prob. 9TYCh. 17 - Why do cells within an organism differentiate,...Ch. 17 - Which method of cloning is most similar to the way...Ch. 17 - Prob. 12TYCh. 17 - Prob. 13TYCh. 17 - Prob. 14TYCh. 17 -
15. How does the production of sperm differ from...Ch. 17 - Prob. 1AWKCh. 17 - Prob. 2AWKCh. 17 - Prob. 3AWKCh. 17 - Prob. 4AWKCh. 17 - Mitochondria contain their own DNA that is...Ch. 17 - Bacteria can reproduce by simple cell division....
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- Biologists have long been interested in the effects of radiation on cells. In one experiment, researchers examined the effect of radium on mitosis of chick embryo cells growing in culture. A population of experimental cells was examined under the microscope for the number of cells in telophase (as a measure of mitosis occurring) before, during, and after exposure to radium. The results are shown in the Figure. What is the effect of radium exposure on mitosis? Source: R. G. Canti and M. Donaldson. 1926. The effect of radium on mitosis in vitro. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character 100:413419.arrow_forwardUsing a Venn diagram, compare and contrast DNA replication and DNA transcription. Make sure to include when they occur in the cell cycle and what they produce.arrow_forwardBased on the image below, briefly write two (2) conclusions from this process.arrow_forward
- Give typing answer with explanation and conclusionarrow_forwardWhy do eukaryotic cells need to go through the elaborate procedure of mitosis rather than simply dividing during interphase? Select as many answers as apply. 1.Daughter cells must be genetically identical to the mother cell, for homeostasis and ordered tissue growth. 2.Bivalent chromosomes must condense and be separated in an orderly fashion, to allow equal distribution of copies into daughter cells 3.Physically dividing the nucleus during interphase would likely lead to gross chromosome breakage and highly unequal assortment of genetic information into daughter cells. 4.Dividing the nucleus during interphase would have the same outcome as mitosis 5.Daughter cells must have half the number of chromosomes after mitosis than the mother cells 6.The homologous pairs of chromosomes need to be separated, to ensure copies go to the daughter cells.arrow_forwardDraw and label G1 and G2 stages of interphase and each stage of mitosis (in order) for a cell that has two large and two small chromosomes, 2n=4. For unreplicated chromosome draw a line ( / ) and for replicated chromosome draw an X. Since we are focusing on the DNA, you can skip drawing the nuclear membrane or spindle fibers. For simplicity, do not indicate that the chromosomes are decondensed chromatin during interphase. Mark and label a place on one of the large chromosomes with the dominant allele of the “A” gene and put the recessive allele “a” on the other homolog. Mark and label a place on one of the small chromosomes with allele “B” and put the recessive allele “b” on the other homolog.arrow_forward
- Give only typing answer with explanation and conclusion Condensing are proteins that assemble onto the DNA during M phase to promote the progression of the cell cycle. What protein controls the activation of condensins?arrow_forwardExplain whether the statement, "Chromosomes are positioned on the metaphase plate by equal and opposite forces that pull them toward the two poles of the spindle", is true or false.arrow_forwardIn the following study, the investigators wanted to determine the role of cyclin B in controlling the cell cycle. Earlier researchers had found that extracts made from frog eggs (Xenopus) contained all the necessary proteins and machinery required for DNA replication. This included proteins that regulated the mitosis promoting factor (MPF). At the time of this study, cyclin B was show to affect MPF activity and the research group wanted to test using Xenopus egg extract in an assay. In Figure 1 (a) MPF activity was tested for its ability to phosphorylate Histone (H1) in sperm chromatin over a certain period of time. Additionally, the cyclin B concentration in the extract was measured. In figure 1b, the extract was tested after treatment with RNase which degraded only the mRNA and not RNA or FRNA in the extract. Knowing that cyclin B is a short-lived protein, why do you suppose the graph shows the results you see in figure 1b?arrow_forward
- Belgy Name: Date: Period: Mitosis Worksheet The diagram below shows six cells in various phases of the cell cycle. Note the cells are not arranged in the order in which mitosis occurs and one of the phases of mitosis occurs twice. Use the diagram to answer questions 1-7. Phases of the Cell Cycle 1) Cells A and early stage of the same phase of mitosis. What phase is it? 2) Which cell is in mg 3) Which cell rst phas sis? 4) In cell A, what structure is labeled X? 5) Which cell is in the "in between" phase of mitosis? 6) Place the diagrams in order from first to last. 7) Are the cells depicted plant animal cells? Explain your answer. 8) What is the longest phase of the cell cycle? 9) Why is mitosis important?arrow_forwardCell cultures can be synchronized, or brought into the same phase of the cell cycle, by various means. For example, adding thymidine to a cell culture causes all cells to become arrested early in S phase. What is the mechanism by which thymidine treatment blocks DNA replication?arrow_forwardHypothetically, a cell has DNA that weighs 10 picograms. This cell goes through S phase and is about to undergo mitosis. How much does the DNA of this cell weight now? How much would the DNA of the two cells produced at the end of mitosis weigh? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forward
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cell division of meiosis and mitosis; Author: Stated Clearly;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A-mFPZLLbHI;License: Standard youtube license