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As described in this chapter, mothers will pass on a mitochondrial defect on their offspring. In a type of gene therapy, one approach to circumvent this problem is to have two different matrernal contributions, with the nucleus of the female with the defective mitochondria being placed in an enucleated egg derived from a female with normal mitochondria. After fertilization, the resulting offspring would have three parental sources of DNA
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Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
- Give at least three examples of types of mutationsthat would disrupt the process of mitotic chromosomesegregationarrow_forwardAccording to the endosymbiosis theory, mitochondria and chloroplasts are derived from bacteria that took up residence withineukaryotic cells. At one time, prior to being taken up by eukaryoticcells, these bacteria were free-living organisms. However, we cannot take a mitochondrion or chloroplast out of a living eukaryoticcell and get it to survive and replicate on its own. Discuss why not.arrow_forwardIs each of these statements true of chloroplast or mitochondrial genomes, both, or neither?a. contain tRNA genesb. encode proteins that participate in electron transport pathwaysc. all genes necessary for function of the organelleare presentd. vary greatly in size from organism to organismarrow_forward
- . With regards to the grasshopper testes experiment, diakinesis is an ideal stage to determine chromosome number due to the degree of condensation of the chromosomes? Count the chromosomes at this stage. Does it represent a diploid or a haploid number?arrow_forwardWhy is a chromosomal fragment without a centromeresubsequently lost and degraded?arrow_forwardAre mutations that arise during mitosis or meiosis the same? Explain in 15 sentences.arrow_forward
- Colorblindness and hemophilia are both X-linked traits in humans. Explain how a female who has a defective color vision gene on one X chromosome and a defective blood clotting gene causing hemophilia on the other X chromosome can be neither a hemophiliac nor colorblind? Please discuss the effect of Gene dosage compensation in your answer and in your answer describe the molecular process by which this occurs.arrow_forwardIf a gamete of an unknown animal species has 18 chromosomes, how many chromatids are at anaphase I? If a gamete of an unknown animal species has 18 chromosomes, how many chromatids are at telophase II? If a gamete of an unknown animal species has 18 chromosomes, how many centromeres after prophase II? If a gamete of an unknown animal species has 18 chromosomes, how many chromosomes are in after anaphase II? If a gamete of an unknown animal species has 18 chromosomes, how many chromosomes are in at metaphase I? PLEASE ANSWER ALL OF THEM THEY ARE ALL CONNECTED, THANK YOU!arrow_forwardHow could researchers have determined that the rhesus monkeys Mito and Tracker (see Fig. 15.19) weredevoid of the mitochondrial DNA from their nucleardonor mother?arrow_forward
- Given the end results of the two types of cell division, why is it necessary for homologs to pair during meiosis and not desirable for them to pair during mitosis?arrow_forwardA form of male sterility in corn is inherited maternally. Marcus Rhoades first described this cytoplasmic male sterility by crossing female gametes froma male sterile plant with pollen from a male fertileplant. The resulting progeny plants were malesterile.a. Diagram the cross, using different colors andshapes to distinguish between nuclear (lines) andcytoplasmic (circles) genomes from the male sterile (one color) and male fertile (another color)strains.b. Female gametes from the male sterile progenywere backcrossed with pollen from the same malefertile parent of the first cross. The process was repeated many times. Diagram the next two generations including possible crossover events.c. What was the purpose of the series of backcrosses?[Hint: Look at your answer to part (b) and thinkabout what is happening to the nuclear genome.]Why could Rhoades interpret these results as ademonstration of cytoplasmic male sterility?arrow_forward• Describe one event that occurs in prometaphase of mitosis in eukaryotic cells. • Describe one event that occurs in telophase of mitosis in eukaryotic cells.arrow_forward
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