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The active ingredient of the insect repellent Off is N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide,
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Organic Chemistry
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Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
- The sex attractant of the common housefly is a hydrocarbon named muscalure, C23H46. On treatment of the muscalure with aqueous acidic KMnO4, two products are obtained, CH3(CH2)12CO2H and CH3(CH2)7CO2H. Propose a structure for the muscalure. Please provide a full explanation with steps when providing the structure as a response, thank you!arrow_forwardAs far back as the 16th century, South American Incas chewed the leaves of the coca bush, Erythroxylon coca, to combat fatigue. Chemical studies of Erythroxylon coca by Friedrich Wöhler in 1862 resulted in the discovery of cocaine, C17H21NO4, as the active component. Basic hydrolysis of cocaine leads to methanol, benzoic acid, and another compound called ecgonine, C9H15NO3. Oxidation of ecgonine with CrO3 yields a keto acid that readily loses CO2 on heating, giving tropinone. (a) What is a likely structure for the keto acid? (b) What is a likely structure for ecgonine, neglecting stereochemistry? (c) What is a likely structure for cocaine, neglecting stereochemistry?arrow_forwardOne step in the urea cycle for ridding the body of ammonia is the conversion of argininosuccinate to the amino acid arginine plus fumarate. Propose a mechanism for the reaction, and show the structure of arginine.arrow_forward
- Amines are converted into alkenes by a two-step process called Hofmann elimination. SN2 reaction of the amine with an excess of CH3I in the first step yields an intermediate that undergoes E2 reaction when treated with silver oxide as base. Pentylamine, for example, yields 1-pentene. Propose a structure for the intermediate, and explain why it readily undergoes elimination.arrow_forwardTriethanolamine, (HOCH2CH2)3N, is a widely used biological buffer, with maximum buffering capacity at pH 7.8. Propose a synthesis of this compound from ethylene oxide and ammonia.arrow_forwardThe compound acetophenone has a very similar molar mass to that of benzoic acid and benzamide. However, acetophenone has a much lower m.p. (20 °C) than both such that, by contrast, it is a liquid at room temperature. By considering intermolecular forces and comparing functional group structure, account for this big difference in physical properties.arrow_forward
- Over the past several decades, chemists have developed a number of synthetic methodologies for the synthesis of steroid hormones. One of these, developed by Lutz Tietze at the Institut für Organische Chemie der Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany, used a double Heck reaction to create ring B of the steroid nucleus. As shown in the following retrosynthetic analysis, a key intermediate in his synthesis is compound (1). Two Heck reaction disconnects of this intermediate give compounds (2) and (3). Compound (2) contains the aromatic ring that becomes ring A of estrone. Compound (3) contains the fused five- and six-membered rings that become rings C and D of estrone. Q.Propose structural formulas for compounds (2) and (3).arrow_forwardOver the past several decades, chemists have developed a number of synthetic methodologies for the synthesis of steroid hormones. One of these, developed by Lutz Tietze at the Institut für Organische Chemie der Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany, used a double Heck reaction to create ring B of the steroid nucleus. As shown in the following retrosynthetic analysis, a key intermediate in his synthesis is compound (1). Two Heck reaction disconnects of this intermediate give compounds (2) and (3). Compound (2) contains the aromatic ring that becomes ring A of estrone. Compound (3) contains the fused five- and six-membered rings that become rings C and D of estrone. Q.Name the types of functional groups in estronearrow_forwardOver the past several decades, chemists have developed a number of synthetic methodologies for the synthesis of steroid hormones. One of these, developed by Lutz Tietze at the Institut für Organische Chemie der Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany, used a double Heck reaction to create ring B of the steroid nucleus. As shown in the following retrosynthetic analysis, a key intermediate in his synthesis is compound (1). Two Heck reaction disconnects of this intermediate give compounds (2) and (3). Compound (2) contains the aromatic ring that becomes ring A of estrone. Compound (3) contains the fused five- and six-membered rings that become rings C and D of estrone. Q.How many chiral centers are present in estrone?arrow_forward
- Over the past several decades, chemists have developed a number of synthetic methodologies for the synthesis of steroid hormones. One of these, developed by Lutz Tietze at the Institut für Organische Chemie der Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany, used a double Heck reaction to create ring B of the steroid nucleus. As shown in the following retrosynthetic analysis, a key intermediate in his synthesis is compound (1). Two Heck reaction disconnects of this intermediate give compounds (2) and (3). Compound (2) contains the aromatic ring that becomes ring A of estrone. Compound (3) contains the fused five- and six-membered rings that become rings C and D of estrone. Q.Show how your proposals for compounds (2) and (3) can be converted to compound (1). (Note: In the course of developing this synthesis, Tietze discovered that vinylic bromides and iodides are more reactive in Heck reactions than are aryl bromides and iodides.)arrow_forwardOver the past several decades, chemists have developed a number of synthetic methodologies for the synthesis of steroid hormones. One of these, developed by Lutz Tietze at the Institut für Organische Chemie der Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany, used a double Heck reaction to create ring B of the steroid nucleus. As shown in the following retrosynthetic analysis, a key intermediate in his synthesis is compound (1). Two Heck reaction disconnects of this intermediate give compounds (2) and (3). Compound (2) contains the aromatic ring that becomes ring A of estrone. Compound (3) contains the fused five- and six-membered rings that become rings C and D of estrone. Q. In the course of the double Heck reactions, two new chiral centers are created. Assume in compound (3), the precursor to rings C and D of estrone, that the fusion of rings C and D is trans and that the angular methyl group is above the plane of the ring. Given this stereochemistry, predict the stereochemistry of…arrow_forwardFollowing is an outline of a synthesis of the bronchodilator carbuterol, a beta-2 adrenergic blocker with high selectivity for airway smooth muscle receptors. Q. Propose reagents to bring about each step.arrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning