Chemistry (OER)
19th Edition
ISBN: 9781947172623
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 17, Problem 41E
Using the information thus far in this chapter, explain why battery-powered electronics perform poorly in low temperatures.
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Please help me with this. The lesson is all about Electrochemistry..
*Determine the cell potential for a galvanic cell composed of copper and zinc at standard condition.
*You have a cell that has an iron(II) concentration of 1.0 M and an H+ concentration of 1.0 M. The cell temperature is 25°C, and the pressure of hydrogen gas is maintained at 1 atm. What would the cell potential be under these conditions?
*An electrolysis cell that deposits gold (from Au+(aq)) has a current of 2.50 A. If your goal is to collect 1.0 g gold, how long will you operate it?
In this experiment, we will use some basic properties of electricity to aid us in estimating Avogadro's Number (NA).
)
The charge of a single electron is
×10
The relationship between Coulomb and Ampere is
1 Ampere =
1 Coulomb
1 second
As such, a current measurement of 1 Ampere for 60 seconds would be equal to
and the number of equivalent electrons transferred would be
x10
×10
Coulomb.
Coulombs,
electrons.
A 0.1 M aqueous CaCl, solution is electrolyzed by using
inert electrodes. If 1.25 ampere current is given to the
solution for 2 hours, calculate the mass of the product
at the cathode.
Chapter 17 Solutions
Chemistry (OER)
Ch. 17 - If a 2.5 A current is run through a circuit for 35...Ch. 17 - For the scenario in the previous question, how...Ch. 17 - For each of the following balanced half-reactions,...Ch. 17 - For each of the following balanced half-reactions,...Ch. 17 - Given the following pairs of balanced...Ch. 17 - Balance the following in acidic solution: (a)...Ch. 17 - Identify the species that undergoes oxidation, the...Ch. 17 - Balance the following in acidic solution: (a)...Ch. 17 - Identify the species that was oxidized, the...Ch. 17 - Why is it not possible for hydroxide ion (OH-) to...
Ch. 17 - Why is it not possible for hydrogen ion (H+) to...Ch. 17 - Why must the charge balance in oxidation-reduction...Ch. 17 - Write the following balanced reactions using cell...Ch. 17 - Given the following cell notations, determine the...Ch. 17 - For the cell notations in the previous problem,...Ch. 17 - Balance the following reactions and write the...Ch. 17 - Identify the species oxidized species reduced, and...Ch. 17 - From the information provided, use cell notation...Ch. 17 - Why is a salt bridge necessary in galvanic cells...Ch. 17 - An active (metal) electrode was found to gain mass...Ch. 17 - An active (metal) electrode was found to lose mass...Ch. 17 - The mass of three different metal electrodes, each...Ch. 17 - For each reaction listed, determine its standard...Ch. 17 - For each reaction listed, determine its standard...Ch. 17 - Determine the overall reaction and its standard...Ch. 17 - Determine the overall reaction and its standard...Ch. 17 - Determine the overall reaction and its standard...Ch. 17 - Determine the overall reaction and its standard...Ch. 17 - For the standard cell potentials given here,...Ch. 17 - For the ?G values given here, determine the...Ch. 17 - Determine the standard cell potential and the cell...Ch. 17 - Determine G and G for each of the reactions in...Ch. 17 - Use the data in Appendix L to determine the...Ch. 17 - What are the desirable qualities of an electric...Ch. 17 - List some things that are typically considered...Ch. 17 - Consider a battery made from one half-cell that...Ch. 17 - Consider a battery with the overall reaction:...Ch. 17 - An inventor proposes using a SHE (standard...Ch. 17 - Why do batteries go dead, but fuel cells do not?Ch. 17 - Explain what happens to battery voltage as a...Ch. 17 - Using the information thus far in this chapter,...Ch. 17 - Which member of each pair of metals is more likely...Ch. 17 - Consider the following metals: Ag, Au, Mg, Ni, and...Ch. 17 - Aluminum (E Al 3+/Al=2.07V) is more easily...Ch. 17 - If a sample of iron and a sample of zinc come into...Ch. 17 - Suppose you have three different metals. A, B, and...Ch. 17 - Why would a sacrificial anode made of lithium...Ch. 17 - Identify the reaction at the anode, reaction at...Ch. 17 - What mass of each product is produced in each of...Ch. 17 - How long would it take to reduce 1 mole of each of...Ch. 17 - A current of 2.345 A passes through the cell shown...Ch. 17 - An irregularly shaped metal part made from a...
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- The mass of three different metal electrodes, each from a different galvanic cell, were determined before and after the current generated by the oxidation-reduction reaction in each cell was allowed to flow for a few minutes. The first metal electrode, given the label A, was found to have increased in mass; the second metal electrode, given the label B, did not change in mass; and the third metal electrode, given the label C, was found to have lost mass. Make an educated guess as to which electrodes were active and which were inert electrodes, and which were anode(s) and which were the cathode(s).arrow_forwardAn aqueous solution of an unknown salt of gold is electrolyzed by a current of 2.75 amps for 3.39 hours. The electroplating is carried out with an efficiency of 93.0%, resulting in a deposit of 21.221 g of gold. a How many faradays are required to deposit the gold? b What is the charge on the gold ions (based on your calculations)?arrow_forwardElectrochemical Cells II Consider this cell running under standard conditions: Ni(s)Ni2(aq)Cu+(aq)Cu(s) a Is this cell a voltaic or an electrolytic cell? How do you know? b Does current flow in this cell spontaneously? c What is the maximum cell potential for this cell? d Say the cell is connected to a voltmeter. Describe what you might see for an initial voltage and what voltage changes, if any, you would observe as time went by. e What is the free energy of this cell when it is first constructed? f Does the free energy of the cell change over time as the cell runs? If so, how does it change?arrow_forward
- A galvanic cell is constructed in which the overall reactionis Cr2O72(aq)+14H2O+(aq)+6I(aq)2Cr3+(aq)+3I2(s)+21H2O(l) Calculate E for this cell. At pH 0, with [Cr2O72]=1.5M and [I]=0.40M, the cell potential is found to equal 0.87 V. Calculatethe concentration of Cr3+(aq) in the cell.arrow_forwardConsider the following cell reaction at 25C. 2Cr(s)+3Fe2+(aq)2Cr3+(aq)+3Fe(s) Calculate the standard cell potential of this cell from the standard electrode potentials, and from this obtain G for the cell reaction. Use data in Appendix C to calculate H; note that Cr(H2O)63+(aq) equals Cr3+(aq). Use these values of H and G to obtain S for the cell reaction.arrow_forwardDetermine the overall reaction and its standard cell potential at 25 C for this reaction. Is the reaction spontaneous at standard conditions? Cu(s)|Cu2+(aq)Au3+(aq)|Au(s)arrow_forward
- Consider the following galvanic cell at 25C: Pt|Cr2+(0.30M),Cr3+(2.0M)||Co2+(0.20M)|Co The overall reaction and equilibrium constant value are 2Cr2+(aq)+Co2+(aq)2Cr3+(aq)+Co(s)K=2.79107 Calculate the cell potential, for this galvanic cell and G for the cell reaction at these conditions.arrow_forwardDetermine the overall reaction and its standard cell potential at 25 C for the reaction involving the galvanic cell made from a half-cell consisting of a silver electrode in 1 M silver nitrate solution and a half-cell consisting of a zinc electrode in 1 M zinc nitrate. Is the reaction spontaneous at standard conditions?arrow_forwardElectrolysis of an NaCl solution with a current of 2.00 A for a period of 200 s produced 59.6 mL of Cl2 at 650 mmHg pressure and 27 degrees Celsius. Calculate the value of Faraday's constant from these data.arrow_forward
- Explain why your actual (measured) voltages may not compare with the theoretical values calculated using the standard electrode potential table.arrow_forwardA student made measurements on some electrochemical cells and calculated three quantities: . The standard reaction free energy AGO. • The equilibrium constant K at 25.0 °C. • The cell potential under standard conditions E His results are listed below. Unfortunately, the student may have made some mistakes. Examine his results carefully and tick the box next to the incorrect quantity in each row, if any. Note: If there is a mistake in a row, only one of the three quantities listed is wrong. Also, you may assume the number of significant digits in each quantity is correct. Also note: for each cell, the number n of electrons transferred per redox reaction is 2. calculated quantities (Check the box next to any that are wrong.) cell n AGⓇ ΔG K Eº - 32 A 2 А -178. kJ/mol 6.54 × 10 -0.92 V B 179. kJ/mol 2.29 X 10 -0.93 V с 2 127. kJ/mol 1.78 × 10²2 0.66 V 31 X ?arrow_forwardAn unstirred solution of 2.00 M NaCl was electrolyzed for a period of 28.9 min and then titrated with 0.314 M HCl. The titration required 21.7 mL of the acid. What was the average current in amperes during the electrolysis?arrow_forward
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