Concept explainers
To determine: The effect of decreasing the blood flow due to lung tumor on Po2 (partial pressure) of oxygen and Pco2 (partial pressure of carbon dioxide) in the alveoli and interstitial fluid.
Introduction: Alveoli are the smallest sac-like structure present in the lungs. The exchange of gases takes place in alveoli. The pressure developed in alveoli by the gaseous exchange is called alveolar pressure.
To determine: The response of bronchioles to th lung tumor and whether the response of bronchioles can generate ventilation in the lungs.
Introduction: The air enters the nose during inhalation. After that, air moves to the nasal passage, pharynx, larynx, tracheas, bronchi, and bronchioles. After passing the bronchioles, the air enters the alveoli. The gaseous exchange takes place at alveoli
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Chapter 17 Solutions
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY: AN INTEG ACCESS C
- How does hemoglobin help maintain the oxygen partial pressure gradient during gas transport in the body?arrow_forwardThe formation of oxyhemoglobin at the alveoli requires high pO2, less H+, low pCO2, and decreased temperature. Is this statement correct?arrow_forwardThe alveoli and blood capillaries make up the gas exchange surface of the lungs, and as the arrows in the diagram (Figure 3) illustrate, this is where oxygen and carbon dioxide move in a particular direction. a) With reference to simple diffusion, explain why oxygen and carbon dioxide move in the directions illustrated by the arrows. b) The gas exchange surface is specifically adapted to maximise the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in these illustrated directions. Explain at least three of these adaptations.arrow_forward
- The partial pressure of oxygen in the venous blood of a human at rest at sea level is approximately 40 torrs a.) Calculate the fractional saturation of hemoglobin under these conditionsb.) What percentage of the oxygen originally bound to hemoglobin in the alveoli remained unreleased?c.) Is the residual oxygen bound to hemoglobin under these conditions of any benefit? Explainarrow_forwardDraw and label the following graphs: a) Graph the effect of ventilation on arterial PCO2. b) Graph the effect of ventilation on arterial PO2. c) Graph the changes in PO2 in the trachea during one respiratory cycle. The Y-axis should include accurate numerical values.arrow_forwardDiscuss schematic illustration of alveoli compression of weakened bronchiole airways during normal expiration in patients with COPD?arrow_forward
- Is carbon dioxide transported from the bloodstream to the alveoli or from the alveoli to the bloodstream, and if so, why does it go in this way (based on partial pressure)?arrow_forwardWhat does “restrictive lung disorder” mean? What does “obstructive lung disorder” mean? Which type of respiratory disease would be associated with a lower-than-normal vital capacity? Why? Which type of respiratory disease would be associated with a lower-than-normal FEV1? Why?arrow_forwardParticulate contamination of the alveoli can result in serious respiratory disease. What three structural and cellular mechanisms are there for reducing the chances of such contamination?arrow_forward
- Would breathing pure oxygen cause a large increase in oxygen transport by the blood in a healthy person? In a person with a low alveolar PO2?arrow_forwardIndicate whether the changes in respiratory volumes or capacities described are observed A) during an acute asthma attack, B) in emphysema C) both during an acute asthma attack and in emphysema, or D) not during an acute asthma attack or in emphysema. Note that the acute asthma attack is in a person not taking ventolin (ie no inhaler). Decrease in total lung capacity Increase in residual volume Decrease in FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second) Decrease in tidal volume Decrease in expiratory reserve volumearrow_forwardIndicate whether the changes in respiratory volumes or capacities described are observed A) during an acute asthma attack, B) in emphysema C) both during an acute asthma attack and in emphysema, or D) not during an acute asthma attack or in emphysema. Note that the acute asthma attack is in a person not taking ventolin (ie no inhaler). Decrease in total lung capacity Increase in residual volume Decrease in FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second) Decrease in tidal volume Decrease in expiratory reserve volumearrow_forward
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